{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:38:45Z","timestamp":1789598325921,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deputyship for Research &amp; Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia","award":["QU-IF-1-2-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QU-IF-1-2-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulicaria undulata (L.) C. A. Mey has multiple uses as part of the traditional medicament, and several biological activities of the plant have been corroborated in the scientific literature. The current work evaluates the phytochemical constituents and biological properties of the water-ethanol extract of the P. undulata growing in Qassim, the central arid regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Qualitative UPLC-ESIQ-TOF analysis identified 27 compounds belonging to the phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenes, coumarins, and of fatty acids chemical classes. The quantitative analysis exhibited 33.3 mg\/g GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalents), and 10.8 mg\/g QE (Quercetin Equivalents) of the phenolics and flavonoids in the plant\u2019s concentrated (to dryness) water-ethanol extract. The trace elements analysis of the plant\u2019s dry powder established the presence of copper (20.13 \u00b5g\/kg), and zinc (68.2 \u00b5g\/kg) in the higher levels of occurrences. In terms of the antioxidant potential of the plant\u2019s extract, the ferric-reducing, and free-radicals scavenging activities were recorded at 47.11 mg\/g, and 19.13 mg\/g equivalents of the concentrated to dryness water-ethanol extract of the plant. The water-ethanol extract of P. undulata also exhibited antimicrobial activity against the tested Gram-positive bacteria, while no activity was observed against the tested Gram-negative bacteria, or the fungi. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values were in the range of 49 to 1563 \u00b5g\/mL, whereas the MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) values ranged from 49 to 3125 \u00b5g\/mL, against the tested Gram-positive bacteria. The P. undulata water-ethanol extract also exhibited potent cytotoxic effects with the IC50 value at 519.2 \u00b5g\/mL against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell-lines, followed by the anticancer activity of erythroleukemic cell-lines, K562 at 1212 \u00b5g\/mL, and pancreatic cell-lines, PANC-1, at 1535 \u00b5g\/mL, as compared to the normal fibroblast cells (4048 \u00b5g\/mL). The Annexin-V assay demonstrated that, as the P. undulata extract\u2019s dose increased from IC50 to twice of the IC50, the percentage of the necrosis was found to be increased in the late apoptosis stage of the cancer cells. These data confirmed the P. undulata extract\u2019s ability to inhibit several human cancer cell lines\u2019 growth in comparison to other local halophytes. The antimicrobial activity of the plant was also confirmed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10091811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T08:42:32Z","timestamp":1630399352000},"page":"1811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Chemical Profile, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Activities of the Water-Ethanol Extract of Pulicaria undulata Growing in the Oasis of Central Saudi Arabian Desert"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2896-6790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamdoon A.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen S.","family":"Al-Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, JUST, Irbid 22110, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0185-0149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riaz A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9250-100X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salman A. A.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3498-797X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamal A.","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manal M.","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8148-0138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osamah","family":"Al Rugaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Essam","family":"Abd-Elmoniem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9118-7752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adel M.","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7156-9208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasser I.","family":"Kandil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.3223","article-title":"Thymyl esters derivatives and a new natural product modhephanone from Pulicaria mauritanica Coss. 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