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Most research is focused on model plants and\/or crops which are most agriculturally important. In this research, drought stress was applied to two drought stress contrasting varieties of Papaver somniferum (the opium poppy), a non-model plant species, during the first week of its germination, which differ in responses to drought stress. After sowing, the poppy seedlings were immediately subjected to drought stress for 7 days. We conducted a large-scale transcriptomic and proteomic analysis for drought stress response. At first, we found that the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles significantly differ. However, the most significant findings are the identification of key genes and proteins with significantly different expressions relating to drought stress, e.g., the heat-shock protein family, dehydration responsive element-binding transcription factors, ubiquitin E3 ligase, and others. In addition, metabolic pathway analysis showed that these genes and proteins were part of several biosynthetic pathways most significantly related to photosynthetic processes, and oxidative stress responses. A future study will focus on a detailed analysis of key genes and the development of selection markers for the determination of drought-resistant varieties and the breeding of new resistant lineages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10091878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]],"date-time":"2021-09-12T21:48:01Z","timestamp":1631483281000},"page":"1878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Drought Stress Response in Opium Poppy Plants during the First Week of Germination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Krist\u00fdna","family":"Kundr\u00e1tov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4415-2220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Bartas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1270-3646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr","family":"Pe\u010dinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5921-6354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ond\u0159ej","family":"Hejna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentsk\u00e1 1668, 370 05 \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Rychl\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Oilseed Crops, OSEVA PRO. Ltd., Purky\u0148ova 10, 764 01 Opava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9661-8715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladislav","family":"\u010curn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentsk\u00e1 1668, 370 05 \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji\u0159\u00ed","family":"\u010cerve\u0148","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3201","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ert158","article-title":"Leaf Proteome Alterations in the Context of Physiological and Morphological Responses to Drought and Heat Stress in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)","volume":"64","author":"Rollins","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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