{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:20:12Z","timestamp":1790886012466,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda, Mexico (CONACYT)","award":["9342634372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9342634372"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The genus Serratia is widely distributed in soil, water, plants, animals, invertebrates, and humans. Some species of this genus have antifungal, antibacterial, and nematicidal activity. In this work, the nematicidal activity of the endophytic strain of Serratia sp. in chili, Capsicum annuum L., is reported, where at a bacterial concentration of 4 \u00d7 109 cel\/mL, the penetration of nematodes into the roots significantly decreased by 91 and 55% at 7 and 21 days after inoculation. This bacterial concentration also significantly decreased the number of galls, eggs, egg masses and reproduction factor produced by Nacobbus aberrans in Chili plants, with respect to the control where this bacterial strain was not applied. In the analysis of the genome of the strain, based on average nucleotide identity (ANI), the isolate could be affiliated to the species Serratia ureilytica. The size of the genome is 5.4 Mb, with a 59.3% content of GC. Genes related to the synthesis of chitinases, siderophores, proteases C, serralisins, hemolysin, and serrawettin W2 that have been reported for biocontrol of nematodes were identified in the genome. It is the first report of Serratia ureilytica with nematicidal activity. Based on these results of nematicidal activity, this strain can be evaluated in the field as an alternative in the biocontrol of Nacobbus aberrans in chili cultivation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10122655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T03:10:38Z","timestamp":1638760238000},"page":"2655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Nematicidal Activity of the Endophyte Serratia ureilytica against Nacobbus aberrans in Chili Plants (Capsicum annuum L.) and Identification of Genes Related to Biological Control"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Arnoldo","family":"Wong-Villarreal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Agroalimentaria, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de la Selva, Ocosingo 29950, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erick Williams","family":"M\u00e9ndez-Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9469-8259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"G\u00f3mez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Fitopatolog\u00eda, Colegio de Postgraduados-Campus Montecillo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8944-5430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana","family":"Aguilar-Marcelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, Jiutepec 62550, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Cerqueda","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda, A.C.\u2014INECOL, Xalapa 91073, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Q.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Unidad M\u00e9rida, M\u00e9rida 97310, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor M.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Ya\u00f1ez-Ocampo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Edafolog\u00eda y Ambiente, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico, Toluca 50000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7683-7382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sa\u00fal","family":"Espinosa-Zaragoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Agr\u00edcolas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chiapas, Huehuet\u00e1n 30660, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"I. Ram\u00edrez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Agrotecnolog\u00edas, Centro Universidad Empresa, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Guti\u00e9rrez 29050, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Sanz\u00f3n-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Agronom\u00eda, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato 36500, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12057","article-title":"Top 10 plant-parasitic nematodes in molecular plant pathology","volume":"14","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Subbotin, S.A., and Chitambar, J.J. (2018). Plant parasitic nematodes and management strategies of major crops in Mexico. Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Sustainable Agriculture of North America, Springer. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-99585-4"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, J.T., Gheysen, G., and Fenoll, C. (2011). Key nematodes threatening major agricultural crops of importance worldwide. Genomics and Molecular Genetics of Plant-Nematode Interactions, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0434-3"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Manzanilla-L\u00f3pez, R.H., and Marban-Mendoza, N. (2012). Pratylenchidae\u2014the lesi\u00f3n nematodes. Practical Plant Nematology, Biblioteca B\u00e1sica de Agricultura."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"149","article-title":"The genus Nacobbus Thorne & Allen, 1944 (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae): Systematics, distribution, biology and management","volume":"32","author":"Manzanilla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nematropica"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Manzanilla-L\u00f3pez, R.H., and Marb\u00e1n-Mendoza, N. (2012). Biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes. Practical Plant Nematology, Biblioteca B\u00e1sica de Agricultura."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stirling, G.R. (2014). Ecosystem services and the concept of \u2018Integrated soil biology management\u2019. Biological Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes: Soil Ecosystem Management in Sustainable Agriculture, CABI.","DOI":"10.1079\/9781780644158.0000"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2012.10.004","article-title":"Influence of inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on tomato plant growth and nematode reproduction under greenhouse conditions","volume":"20","author":"Almaghrabi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"2","article-title":"Rhizobacteria with nematicide aptitude: Enzymes and compounds associated","volume":"32","author":"Castaneda","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1163\/187529292X00199","article-title":"Effect of Plant and Microbial Chitinases On the Eggs and Juveniles of Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood (Nematoda: Tylenchida)","volume":"38","author":"Mercer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nematologica"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2018.01.004","article-title":"Isolation and identification of bacteria from rhizosphere soil and their effect on plant growth promotion and root-knot nematode disease","volume":"119","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Control"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paiva, G., Proen\u00e7a, D.N., Francisco, R., Verissimo, P., Santos, S.S., Fonseca, L., Abrantes, I.M., and Morais, P.V. (2013). Nematicidal bacteria associated to pinewood nematode produce extracellular proteases. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079705"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Price, M.N., Dehal, P.S., and Arkin, A.P. (2010). FastTree 2-approximately maximum-likelihood trees for large alignments. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009490"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abebe-Akele, F., Tisa, L.S., Cooper, V.S., Hatcher, P.J., Abebe, E., and Thomas, W.K. (2015). Genome sequence and comparative analysis of a putative entomopathogenic Serratia isolated from Caenorhabditis briggsae. BMC Genom., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-1697-8"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2017.01.011","article-title":"Complete genome sequence of Serratia sp. YD25 (KCTC 42987) presenting strong antagonistic activities to various pathogenic fungi and bacteria","volume":"45","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"549","article-title":"Serratia sp., an endophyte of Mimosa pudica nodules with nematicidal, antifungal activity and growth promoting characteristics","volume":"203","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.059774-0","article-title":"Towards a taxonomic coherence between average nucleotide identity and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity for species demarcation of prokaryotes","volume":"64","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19126","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906412106","article-title":"Shifting the genomic gold standard for the prokaryotic species definition","volume":"106","author":"Richter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.66.1075","article-title":"Chitinases A, B, and C1 of Serratia marcescens 2170 produced by recombinant Escherichia coli: Enzymatic properties and synergism on chitin degradation","volume":"66","author":"Suzuki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.05.003","article-title":"Enzymology of the nematode cuticle: A potential drug target?","volume":"4","author":"Page","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Drugs Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page, A.P., and Johnstone, I.L. (2007). The cuticle. The C. Elegans Research Community, WormBook.","DOI":"10.1895\/wormbook.1.138.1"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s004380100513","article-title":"Nematode chitin synthases: Gene structure, expression and function in Caenorhabditis elegans and the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne artiellia","volume":"266","author":"Veronico","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Genom."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"192","article-title":"Effects of hydrolytic enzymes on plant parasitic nematodes","volume":"9","author":"Millew","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Nematol."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez, P.J.F. (2010). Efecto de quitina y quitosano sobre huevos y juveniles de nematodos formadores de nodulos radicales, Nacobbus aberrans y Meloidogyne incognita, bajo condiciones in vitro e in vivo. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Colegio de Postgraduados]."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"828","article-title":"Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are promising candidates as biocontrol agents against root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)","volume":"8","author":"Hegazy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Middle East J. Agricul. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"93","article-title":"Potency evaluation of Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas fluorescens as biocontrol agents for root-knot nematodes in Egypt","volume":"4","author":"Zeinat","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evu171","article-title":"The transcriptome of Nacobbus aberrans reveals insights into the evolution of sedentary endoparasitism in plan-parasitic nematodes","volume":"6","author":"Lilley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, J., Gheysen, G., and Fenoll, C. (2011). Introduction to plant-parasitic nematodes; modes of parasitism. Genomics and Molecular Genetics of Plant-Nematode Interactions, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0434-3"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"229","article-title":"Survival of life stages of Nacobbus aberrans under field conditions","volume":"31","author":"Manzanilla","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nematropica"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2014.904310","article-title":"Nematicidal activity of microbialpigment from Serratia marcescens","volume":"28","author":"Suryawanshi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marques-Pereira, C., Proen\u00e7a, D.N., and Morais, P.V. (2020). Genome Sequences of Serratia Strains Revealed Common Genes in Both Serratomolides Gene Clusters. Biology, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology9120482"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2008.06.026","article-title":"Conversion of squid pen by Serratia ureilytica for the production of enzymes and antioxidants","volume":"100","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"249","article-title":"A technique for the collection of larvae of Meloidogyne spp. and a comparison of eggs and larvae as inocula","volume":"9","author":"Vrain","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Nematol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61259","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061259","article-title":"Transcriptional changes of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in response to Arabidopsis thaliana root signals","volume":"8","author":"Teillet","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","article-title":"SPAdes: A new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing","volume":"19","author":"Bankevich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comput. Biol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D581","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1099","article-title":"PATRIC, the bacterial bioinformatics database and analysis resource","volume":"42","author":"Wattam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aziz, R.K., Bartels, D., Best, A.A., DeJongh, M., Disz, T., Edwards, R.A., Formsma, K., Gerdes, S., Glass, E.M., and Kubal, M. (2008). The RAST Server: Rapid annotations using subsystems technology. BMC Genom., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-75"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz848","article-title":"GTDB-Tk: A toolkit to classify genomes with the Genome Taxonomy Database","volume":"36","author":"Chaumeil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kejela, T., Thakkar, V.R., and Thakor, P. (2016). Bacillus species (BT42) isolated from Coffea arabica L. rhizosphere antagonizes Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum and also exhibits multiple plant growth promoting activity. BMC Microbiol., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-016-0897-y"}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/10\/12\/2655\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:39:08Z","timestamp":1760168348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/10\/12\/2655"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["plants10122655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants10122655","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2223-7747","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]}}}