{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T18:13:45Z","timestamp":1789150425316,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012579","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-ZJ-919"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-ZJ-919"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013494","name":"West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["to Yanping Hu"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["to Yanping Hu"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["to Yanping Hu"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["to Yanping Hu"]}]},{"name":"Joint Grant from Chinese Academy of Sciences-People\u2019s Government of Qinghai Province on Sanjiangyuan National Park","award":["LHZX-2020-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LHZX-2020-09"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leaves are essential plant organs with numerous variations in shape and size. The leaf size is generally smaller in plants that thrive in areas of higher elevation and lower annual mean temperature. The Qinghai\u2013Tibetan Plateau is situated at an altitude of &gt;4000 m with relatively low annual average temperatures. Most plant species found on the Qinghai\u2013Tibetan Plateau have small leaves, with Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf. being an exception. Here, we show that the large leaves of R. tanguticum with a unique three-dimensional (3D) shape are potentially an ideal solution for thermoregulation with little energy consumption. With the increase in age, the shape of R. tanguticum leaves changed from a small oval plane to a large palmatipartite 3D shape. Therefore, R. tanguticum is a highly heteroblastic species. The leaf shape change during the transition from the juvenile to the adult phase of the development in R. tanguticum is a striking example of the manifestation of plant phenotypic plasticity. The temperature variation in different parts of the leaf was a distinct character of leaves of over-5-year-old plants. The temperature of single-plane leaves under strong solar radiation could accumulate heat rapidly and resulted in temperatures much higher than the ambient temperature. However, leaves of over-5-year-old plants could lower leaf temperature by avoiding direct exposure to solar radiation and promoting local airflow to prevent serious tissue damage by sunburn. Furthermore, the net photosynthesis rate was correlated with the heterogeneity of the leaf surface temperature. Our results demonstrate that the robust 3D shape of the leaf is a strategy that R. tanguticum has developed evolutionarily to adapt to the strong solar radiation and low temperature on the Qinghai\u2013Tibetan Plateau.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11040512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T20:58:03Z","timestamp":1644872283000},"page":"512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Potential Roles of Unique Leaf Structure for the Adaptation of Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf. in Qinghai\u2013Tibetan Plateau"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5770-2527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanping","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huixuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonghua","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji\u2019an 343009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyan-Chyun","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8931-5433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research and Popularization Base of Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau Biology, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Du, J., Ge, X., Cao, D., and Hu, J. 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