{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T08:53:42Z","timestamp":1769158422531,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003193","name":"Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VEGA 1-0683-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA 1-0683-20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Slovak Research and Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-18-465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-18-465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Economy of the Slovak Republic","award":["OPVaI-VA\/DP\/2018\/No. 313011T813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPVaI-VA\/DP\/2018\/No. 313011T813"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The importance of high temperature as an environmental factor is growing in proportion to deepening global climate change. The study aims to evaluate the effects of long-term acclimation of plants to elevated temperature on the tolerance of their photosynthetic apparatus to heat stress. Three wheat (Triticum sp. L.) genotypes differing in leaf and photosynthetic traits were analyzed: Thesee, Roter Samtiger Kolbenweizen, and ANK 32A. The pot experiment was established in natural conditions outdoors (non-acclimated variant), from which a part of the plants was placed in foil tunnel with elevated temperature for 14 days (high temperature-acclimated variant). A severe heat stress screening experiment was induced by an exposition of the plans in a growth chamber with artificial light and air temperature up to 45 \u00b0C for ~12 h before the measurements. The measurements of leaf photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, and rapid kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence was performed. The results confirmed that a high temperature drastically reduced the photosynthetic assimilation rate caused by the non-stomatal (biochemical) limitation of photosynthetic processes. On the other hand, the chlorophyll fluorescence indicated only a moderate level of decrease of quantum efficiency of photosystem (PS) II (Fv\/Fm parameter), indicating mostly reversible heat stress effects. The heat stress led to a decrease in the number of active PS II reaction centers (RC\/ABS) and overall activity o PSII (PIabs) in all genotypes, whereas the PS I (parameter \u03c8REo) was negatively influenced by heat stress in the non-acclimated variant only. Our results showed that the genotypes differ in acclimation capacity to heat stress, and rapid noninvasive techniques may help screen the stress effects and identify more tolerant crop genotypes. The acclimation was demonstrated more at the PS I level, which may be associated with the upregulation of alternative photosynthetic electron transport pathways with clearly protective functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11050616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T21:11:07Z","timestamp":1645737067000},"page":"616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Pre-Acclimation to Elevated Temperature Stabilizes the Activity of Photosystem I in Wheat Plants Exposed to an Episode of Severe Heat Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Andrej","family":"Fila\u010dek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"\u017div\u010d\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5694-2078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Ferroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Cytophysiology, Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d\u2019Este 32, 44100 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1ria","family":"Barbori\u010dov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krist\u00edna","family":"Ga\u0161parovi\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5629-3357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinghong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0121-0715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Landi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3470-6100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mari\u00e1n","family":"Bresti\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"},{"name":"Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2018.09.011","article-title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mitigate negative effects of combined drought and heat stress on tomato plants","volume":"132","author":"Duc","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. 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