{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:28:31Z","timestamp":1790645311763,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Green Development and Demonstration Programme (GUDP) of the Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark","award":["34009-16-1068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["34009-16-1068"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibiosis is a key feature widely exploited to develop biofungicides based on the ability of biological control agents (BCAs) to produce fungitoxic compounds. A less recognised attribute of plant-associated beneficial microorganisms is their ability to stimulate the plant immune system, which may provide long-term, systemic self-protection against different types of pathogens. By using conventional antifungal in vitro screening coupled with in planta assays, we found antifungal and non-antifungal Bacillus strains that protected the ornamental plant Kalanchoe against the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum in experimental and commercial production settings. Further examination of one antifungal and one non-antifungal strain indicated that high protection efficacy in planta did not correlate with antifungal activity in vitro. Whole-genome sequencing showed that the non-antifungal strain EC9 lacked the biosynthetic gene clusters associated with typical antimicrobial compounds. Instead, this bacterium triggers the expression of marker genes for the jasmonic and salicylic acid defence pathways, but only after pathogen challenge, indicating that this strain may protect Kalanchoe plants by priming immunity. We suggest that the stimulation of the plant immune system is a promising mode of action of BCAs for the development of novel biological crop protection products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11050687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T22:53:25Z","timestamp":1646261605000},"page":"687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Bacillus cereus Strain EC9 Primes the Plant Immune System for Superior Biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3133-0371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth","family":"Madriz-Orde\u00f1ana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Section for Plant and Soil Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3768-4923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sercan","family":"Pazarlar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Section for Plant and Soil Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5902-6550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans J\u00f8rgen Lyngs","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Section for Plant and Soil Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6610-8450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tue Kj\u00e6rgaard","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0328-710X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Section for Plant and Soil Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai L\u00f8nne","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knud Jepsen a\/s, 8382 Hinnerup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars Hestbjerg","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Thordal-Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Section for Plant and Soil Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2014.09.003","article-title":"Chemical Management of Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon","volume":"66","author":"Everts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crop Prot."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-06-19-1252-RE","article-title":"Understanding Why Effective Fungicides against Individual Soilborne Pathogens Are Ineffective with Soilborne Pathogen Complexes","volume":"104","author":"You","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panth, M., Hassler, S.C., and Baysal-Gurel, F. 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