{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T16:29:35Z","timestamp":1778344175851,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R1F1A1059173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1F1A1059173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gastritis is a common disease worldwide that is caused by various causes such as eating habits, smoking, severe stress, and heavy drinking, as well as Helicobacter pylori infections and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Cinnamomum cassia is a tropical aromatic evergreen tree commonly used as a natural medicine in Asia and as a functional food ingredient. Studies have reported this species\u2019 anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and cardiovascular disease suppression effects. We evaluated the potential effects of C. cassia using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ethanol (EtOH), and ethanol\/hydrochloric acid (HCl)-induced gastric mucosal injury models. C. cassia extracts reduced the area of gastric mucosa injury caused by indomethacin, NSAID, EtOH, and EtOH\/HCl. We also applied a network pharmacology-based approach to identify the active compounds, potential targets, and pharmacological mechanisms of C. cassia against gastritis. Through a network pharmacology analysis, 10 key components were predicted as anti-gastritis effect-related compounds of C. cassia among 51 expected active compounds. The NF-\u03baB signaling pathway, a widely known inflammatory response mechanism, comprised a major signaling pathway within the network pharmacology analysis. These results suggest that the anti-gastritis activities of C. cassia may be induced via the anti-inflammatory effects of key components, which suppress the inflammation-related genes and signaling pathways identified in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11060716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T01:53:54Z","timestamp":1646790834000},"page":"716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Mitigation of Gastric Damage Using Cinnamomum cassia Extract: Network Pharmacological Analysis of Active Compounds and Protection Effects in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ji Hwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative-Center of Natural Product Central Bank for Biological Evaluation, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6171-2552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee Jae","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongchul","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative-Center of Natural Product Central Bank for Biological Evaluation, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hye Jin","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chong Kun Dang (CKD) Pharm Research Institute, Yongin-si 16995, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shin Jung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chong Kun Dang (CKD) Pharm Research Institute, Yongin-si 16995, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo-Hee","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chong Kun Dang (CKD) Pharm Research Institute, Yongin-si 16995, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5103-437X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myoung-Sook","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative-Center of Natural Product Central Bank for Biological Evaluation, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2613-0674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ki Sung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative-Center of Natural Product Central Bank for Biological Evaluation, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)92892-9","article-title":"Prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcer with misoprostol: Multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"332","author":"Graham","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/1040-830491379236","article-title":"Capsaicin and gastric ulcers","volume":"46","author":"Satyanarayana","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit. 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