{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:01:10Z","timestamp":1760227270973,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The bacterial soft rot and vascular wilt of sugar beet are the major diseases of sugar crops globally induced by Pectobacterium\u00a0betavasculorum and P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc). The control of this bacterial disease is a severe problem, and only a few copper-based chemical bactericides are available for this disease. Because of the limitations of chemicals to control plant bacterial pathogens, the essential oils and extracts have been considered one of the best alternative strategies for their control. In this study, twenty-seven essential oils and twenty-nine plant extracts were extracted and evaluated for their antibacterial activities against Pectobacterium betavasculorum isolate C3, using the agar diffusion method at 0.01%, 0.1%, and 100% (v\/v). Pure Pimpinella anisum L. oil exhibited the most anti-bacterial activity among three different concentrations of essential oils and extracts, followed by Thymus vulgaris L. oil and Rosa multiflora Thunb. extract. The efficacy of effective essential oils and extracts on Ic1 cultivar of sugar beet seeds germination and seedling growth in vivo also were tested. The seed germination of the Ic1 cultivar was inhibited at all the concentrations of essential oils used. Only extracts of Rosa multiflora Thunb., Brassica oleracea L., Lactuca serriola L., Salvia rosmarinus Spenn., Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. and L.M.Perry, Eucalyptus globulus Labill., and essential oils of Ocmium basilicum L., Pimpinella anisum L., and Mentha\u00d7 piperita L.L. in 0.1% concentration had no inhibition on seed germination and could improve seedling growth. This is the first report of the antibacterial activity of essential oils and extracts on Pectobacterium betavasculorum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11091155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T02:14:39Z","timestamp":1650939279000},"page":"1155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Effect of Some Wild Grown Plant Extracts and Essential Oils on Pectobacterium betavasculorum: The Causative Agent of Bacterial Soft Rot and Vascular Wilt of Sugar Beet"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6940-1986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mina","family":"Rastgou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1060-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Younes","family":"Rezaee Danesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5006-5687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sezai","family":"Ercisli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1553-1213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. Z.","family":"Sayyed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Asian PGPR Society for Sustainable Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal\u2019s Shri S I Patil Arts, G B Patel Science and STKVS Commerce College, Shahada 425409, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9712-2033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hesham Ali","family":"El Enshasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor 81310, Malaysia"},{"name":"School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor 81310, Malaysia"},{"name":"City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), New Borg Al Arab 21934, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Joe","family":"Dailin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor 81310, Malaysia"},{"name":"School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor 81310, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saleh","family":"Alfarraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8718-3078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Javed","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Hindu College, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly, Moradabad 244001, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0032-0862.2001.Shorttitle.doc.x","article-title":"Potato diseases caused by soft rot Erwinias: An overview of pathogenesis","volume":"51","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1364-3703.2003.00149.x","article-title":"Soft-rot Erwinia: From genes to genomes","volume":"4","author":"Toth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. 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