{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T12:09:12Z","timestamp":1782130152279,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","award":["PNURSP2022R141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R141"]}]},{"name":"Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","award":["RSP-2021\/379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2021\/379"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","award":["PNURSP2022R141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R141"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","award":["RSP-2021\/379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2021\/379"]}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["PNURSP2022R141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R141"]}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["RSP-2021\/379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2021\/379"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this work was to study the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and cardamom seeds (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton). Using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC\/MS), a total of 43 compounds were identified in ginger essential oil and 17 compounds in cardamom. The most abundant components, respectively, were zingiberene (22.18%) and 1.8-cin\u00e9ol (43.47%). Essential oils, methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts for both plants were tested against nine bacteria and yeast. The highest sensitivity was noticed against Staphylococcus aureus with a 25 mm inhibition zone. The antioxidant potency of both oils and extracts were measured using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) free radical scavenging and the ferric reducing power (FRP) method; the ethanolic extract of cardamom fruits exhibited the best results for both tests, with an IC 50 = 0.423 \u00b1 0.015 mg\/mL and 95.03 \u00b1 0.076 FRP mg AAE\/g.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11111487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T03:33:18Z","timestamp":1654054398000},"page":"1487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Chemical Profile, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton Essential Oils and Extracts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kelthoum","family":"Tarfaoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animals, Plants Production and Agro-Industry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail Universty, Kenitra 14000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najiba","family":"Brhadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animals, Plants Production and Agro-Industry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail Universty, Kenitra 14000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabea","family":"Ziri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animals, Plants Production and Agro-Industry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail Universty, Kenitra 14000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa","family":"Oubihi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, K\u00e9nitra 14000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8410-3212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamada","family":"Imtara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Arab American University Palestine, 240, Jenin 44862, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Haida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation Processes, Team of Environment and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4706-4311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omkulthom M.","family":"Al kamaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Khalid","family":"Parvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 2457, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9021-7892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saad","family":"Fettach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10106, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Ouhssine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, K\u00e9nitra 14000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2019). 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