{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T05:31:55Z","timestamp":1782538315294,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]],"date-time":"2022-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Beta vulgaris L. is a crop selected for cultivation in Space for its nutritional properties. However, exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) can alter plant photosynthetic performance and phytochemical production in the extraterrestrial environment. This study investigated if plant growth under different light quality regimes (FL\u2014white fluorescent; RGB\u2014red\u2013green\u2013blue; RB\u2014red\u2013blue) modifies the photosynthetic behavior and bioactive compound synthesis of plants sprouted by dry seeds irradiated with carbon or titanium high-energy ions. The study evidenced that: (i) the plant response depends on the type of heavyion; (ii) control and C-ion-irradiated plants were similar for photosynthetic pigment content and PSII photochemical efficiency, regardless of the LQ regime; (iii) under FL, net photosynthesis (AN) and water use efficiency (iWUE) declined in C- and Ti-ion plants compared to control, while the growth of irradiated plants under RGB and RB regimes offset these differences; (iv) the interaction Ti-ion\u00d7 RB improved iWUE, and stimulated the production of pigments, carbohydrates, and antioxidants. The overall results highlighted that the cultivation of irradiated plants under specific LQ regimes effectively regulates photosynthesis and bioactive compound amounts in leaf edible tissues. In particular, the interaction Ti-ion \u00d7 RB improved iWUE and increased pigments, carbohydrates, and antioxidant content.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11141816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:06:21Z","timestamp":1657497981000},"page":"1816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Light Quality Modulates Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Properties of B. vulgaris L. Plants from Seeds Irradiated with High-Energy Heavy Ions: Implications for Cultivation in Space"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2379-9754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ermenegilda","family":"Vitale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universit\u00e0 100, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5722-2497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi Gennaro","family":"Izzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universit\u00e0 100, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1864-5221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Amitrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universit\u00e0 100, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3058-919X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violeta","family":"Velikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsonko","family":"Tsonev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palma","family":"Simoniello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Via Acton 38, 80133 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4282-9525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"De Micco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universit\u00e0 100, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9718-2941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Arena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"BAT Center\u2014Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2012.09.024","article-title":"Plant mineral nutrition, gas exchanges and photosynthesis in space: A review","volume":"51","author":"Wolff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. 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