{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:19:03Z","timestamp":1789427943969,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Department of Forestry of Guangdong Province","award":["2018KJCX001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018KJCX001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst is a multipurpose woody plant. In this study, an in vitro efficient propagation system of stem segment explants derived from field-grown C. aconitifolius plants was established for the first time. The sterilization effect, axillary bud initiation, and proliferation efficiency of stem segments were evaluated. The results showed that the sterilization time of 0.1% mercuric chloride, the concentration of Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM), the pretreatment method, and the sampling season had significant effects on the sterilization of stem segments (p &lt; 0.05). The type of medium and plant growth regulators (PGRs) affected the initiation of axillary buds, and the proliferation efficiency was significantly affected by PGRs. The results showed that the best sterilization method for stem segment explants was as follows: a pretreatment by rinsing with running water for 120 min, soaking in 75% ethanol for 50 s, soaking in 0.1% mercuric chloride for 10 min, and medium supplemented with 3 mL\/L PPM. When inoculated on the medium in spring, the contamination rate was as low as 25.56%. The optimal initiation medium for axillary buds in stem segments was half-strength Murashige and Skoog (1\/2 MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg\/L 6-benzyladenine (6-BA). The induction rate was as high as 93.33%, and the mean length of axillary buds was 2.47 cm. The optimal proliferation medium was 1\/2 MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg\/L 6-BA and 0.2 mg\/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The induction rate was up to 80.00%, the total proliferation coefficient was 4.56, and the net proliferation coefficient was 5.69. The 1\/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg\/L 6-BA and 1.5 mg\/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was most conducive to the elongation of the adventitious shoot, and the adventitious shoot of approximately 1 cm reached 1.93 cm after culturing for 14 days. The best medium for adventitious shoot rooting was 1\/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg\/L \u03b1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), the highest rooting rate was 82.00%, and the survival rate of transplanting was over 90%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11151937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T04:59:16Z","timestamp":1658897956000},"page":"1937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Efficient In Vitro Sterilization and Propagation from Stem Segment Explants of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst, a Multipurpose Woody Plant"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huier","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1833-1644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingmin","family":"Que","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"213","article-title":"Evaluation of the phytochemical and nutritional profiles of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaf collected in Abakaliki South East Nigeria","volume":"13","author":"Orji","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s12231-019-09483-y","article-title":"Value chain analysis of chaya (Mayan spinach) in Guatemala","volume":"74","author":"Amaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Econ. Bot."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21017","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00592-0","article-title":"Artificial selection optimizes clonality in chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius)","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1021\/jf030246y","article-title":"Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content in leaf extracts of tree spinach (Cnidoscolus spp.)","volume":"52","author":"Kuti","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-015-0512-7","article-title":"Evaluation of minerals, phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity of Mexican, Central American, and African green leafy vegetables","volume":"70","author":"Grusak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lyons, G., Dean, G., Tongaiaba, R., Halavatau, S., Nakabuta, K., Lonalona, M., and Susumu, G. (2020). Macro-and micronutrients from traditional food plants could improve nutrition and reduce non-communicable diseases of islanders on atolls in the South Pacific. Plants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9080942"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2021.1880978","article-title":"Supplemental effect of Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) leaf pellet on rumen fermentation, nutrients digestibility and microbial protein synthesis in growing crossbred bulls","volume":"20","author":"Totakul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"e1493","article-title":"Phenolic characterization and antioxidant capacity of alcoholic extracts from raw and boiled leaves of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Euphorbiaceae)","volume":"126","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta. Bot. Mex."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.5897\/JMPR2020.7016","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant and protective effect against genotoxic damage of two extracts of chaya leaves (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius)","volume":"14","author":"Guzman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1310","article-title":"Phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of tree spinach [Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Miller) IM Johnston]","volume":"7","author":"Adeniran","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/JOCAMR\/2018\/26858","article-title":"Investigation of phytocomponents and hypoglycaemic effect of hydro-methanolic leaf extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Spinach Tree) in streptozotocin induced-diabetic wistar rats","volume":"5","author":"Iyke","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Complement. Altern. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB08.247","article-title":"Ameliorative effects of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on anaemia and osmotic fragility induced by proteinenergy malnutrition","volume":"7","author":"Oyagbemi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"651","article-title":"Protective effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves against diclofenacinduced gastric mucosal damage","volume":"33","author":"Olivia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2019.0031","article-title":"Preventive effect of an infusion of the aqueous extract of Chaya leaves (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) in an aberrant crypt foci rat model induced by azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium","volume":"22","author":"Mejia","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015238810447","article-title":"Performance of broilers fed on diets containing different amounts of chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) leaf meal","volume":"34","author":"McNab","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660310001598256","article-title":"The effect of chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) leaf meal and of exogenous enzymes on amino acid digestibility in broilers","volume":"44","author":"McNab","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012004","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/462\/1\/012004","article-title":"Effects of spinach tree leaves and high concentrates diets supplemented with micro minerals on in vitro rumen fermentation profiles","volume":"462","author":"Herdian","year":"2020","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-8401(98)00231-4","article-title":"The nutritive value of chaya leaf meal (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) Johnston): Studies with broiler chickens","volume":"77","author":"Donkoh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.5897\/JMPR2017.6512","article-title":"Phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of Cnidoscolus chayamansa and Cnidoscolus aconitifolius: A review","volume":"11","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1007\/s10722-019-00790-w","article-title":"Morphological divergence between wild and cultivated chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) (Mill.) IM Johnst","volume":"66","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genet. Resour. Crop Evol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-017-1332-2","article-title":"Secondary metabolism of pharmaceuticals in the plant in vitro cultures: Strategies, approaches, and limitations to achieving higher yield","volume":"132","author":"Isah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2019.06.030","article-title":"Lupeol acetate production and antioxidant activity of a cell suspension culture from Cnidoscolus chayamansa leaves","volume":"125","year":"2019","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-019-01724-1","article-title":"Plant tissue culture environment as a switch-key of (epi) genetic changes","volume":"140","author":"Bednarek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/07929978.2015.1076982","article-title":"In vitro plant regeneration studies and their potential applications in Populus spp.: A review","volume":"63","author":"Gaur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Isr. J. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2020.112653","article-title":"A high throughput plant regeneration system from shoot stems of Sapium sebiferum Roxb., a potential multi-purpose bioenergy tree","volume":"154","author":"Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8594-4_1","article-title":"An introduction to plant tissue culture: Advances and perspectives","volume":"1815","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Cell Cult. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781282","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/781282","article-title":"Use of tissue culture techniques for producing virus-free plant in garlic and their identification through real-time PCR","volume":"2013","author":"Taskin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6887","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-05745-4","article-title":"Production of ascorbic acid, total protein, callus and root in vitro of non-heading Chinese cabbage by tissue culture","volume":"47","author":"Kamal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2020.1814689","article-title":"Tissue culture, genetic transformation, interaction with beneficial microbes, and modern bio-imaging techniques in alfalfa research","volume":"40","author":"Ticha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, L., Zheng, K., Xie, Y., Deng, Y., Yu, Y., Zhu, M., and Deng, X. (2020). Efficient tissue culture protocol for Magnolia lucida (Magnoliaceae) and confirmation of genetic stability of the regenerated plants. Plants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9080997"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2018.707.294","article-title":"Effect of surface sterilization time on leaf explants for aseptic culture in Anthurium adraeanum (Hort.) cv. Fire","volume":"7","author":"Toppo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1007\/s11676-017-0569-2","article-title":"An improvised in vitro vegetative propagation technique for Bambusa tulda: Influence of season, sterilization and hormones","volume":"29","author":"Bhadrawale","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.09.064","article-title":"Standardization of in vitro micropropagation procedure of Oriental Lilium Hybrid Cv.\u2018Ravenna\u2019","volume":"28","author":"Rafiq","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2019.101380","article-title":"Surface sterilization and micropropagation of Ludisia discolor","volume":"22","author":"Poobathy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2017.12868","article-title":"In vitro influence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on Rhizoma polygonati micropropagation","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Dong, W., Saha, M.C., Udvardi, M.K., and Kang, Y. (2021). Improved node culture methods for rapid vegetative propagation of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). BMC Plant Biol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-021-02903-z"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTTECH.8.4.598","article-title":"Using isothiazolone biocides to control microbial and fungal contaminants in plant tissue cultures","volume":"8","author":"Niedz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hort. Technol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.19071\/rib.2016.v7.3056","article-title":"Control of contaminants during introduction and establishment of Bambusa vulgaris in vitro","volume":"7","author":"Torres","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.23714","article-title":"Micropropagation of Calophyllum brasiliense (Cambess.) from nodal segments","volume":"76","author":"Silveira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz. J. Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2012.03.018","article-title":"The effect of using PPM (plant preservative mixture) on the development of cauliflower microshoots and the quality of artificial seed produced","volume":"141","author":"Rihan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/14620316.2012.11512856","article-title":"Influence of the biocides PPMTM and Vitrofural on bacteria isolated from contaminated plant tissue cultures and on plant microshoots grown on various media","volume":"87","author":"Orlikowska","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-010-9741-5","article-title":"Eradication of endophytic bacteria via treatment for axillary buds of Petunia hybrida using Plant Preservative Mixture (PPMTM)","volume":"102","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13007-019-0390-3","article-title":"Chlorothalonil: An effective bacterio-static agent for bud induction of Acacia auriculiformis under open condition (non-axenic)","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Methods"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1515\/fhort-2016-0008","article-title":"Tissue disinfection for preparation of culture","volume":"28","author":"Winarto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Folia. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s11627-021-10235-8","article-title":"Effective in vitro culture using dormant bud of nodal sections from a mature Acacia tree","volume":"58","author":"Ho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vitr. Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zahid, N.A., Jaafar, H.Z., and Hakiman, M. (2021). Micropropagation of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)\u2018Bentong\u2019and evaluation of its secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities compared with the conventionally propagated plant. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10040630"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2021.113686","article-title":"An efficient in vitro propagation protocol for direct organogenesis from root explants of a multi-purpose plant, Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L\u2019H\u00e9r. ex Vent","volume":"170","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s43141-019-0017-0","article-title":"In vitro propagation of Securidaca longipedunculata (Fresen) from shoot tip: An endangered medicinal plant","volume":"18","author":"Lijalem","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Genet. Eng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2021.114015","article-title":"Efficient plant regeneration and genetic transformation system of the precious fast-growing tree Toona ciliata","volume":"172","author":"Mao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ioannidis, K., Dadiotis, E., Mitsis, V., Melliou, E., and Magiatis, P. (2020). Biotechnological approaches on two high CBD and CBG Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) varieties: In vitro regeneration and phytochemical consistency evaluation of micropropagated plants using quantitative 1H-NMR. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25245928"}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/11\/15\/1937\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:56:39Z","timestamp":1760140599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/11\/15\/1937"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["plants11151937"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants11151937","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2223-7747","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]}}}