{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T19:12:06Z","timestamp":1781118726844,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic","award":["MZE-RO0418"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MZE-RO0418"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic","award":["2017CBNCYT_005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017CBNCYT_005"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["MZE-RO0418"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MZE-RO0418"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["2017CBNCYT_005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017CBNCYT_005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, spices have attracted the attention of scientists and agrochemical companies for their potential as insecticidal and acaricidal agents, and even as repellents to replace synthetic compounds that are labeled with detrimental impacts on environment and human and animal health. In this framework, the aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal potential of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from three Cameroonian aromatic plants, namely Monodora myristica (Gaertn.) Dunal, Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich., and Aframomum citratum (J. Pereira) K. Schum. They were produced by hydrodistillation, with yields of 3.84, 4.89, and 0.85%, respectively. The chemical composition was evaluated by GC-MS analysis. The EOs and their major constituents (i.e., geraniol, sabinene, \u03b1-pinene, p-cymene, \u03b1-phellandrene, and \u03b2-pinene) were tested against the polyphagous moth pest, i.e., Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.), the common housefly, Musca domestica L., and the filariasis and arbovirus mosquito vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Our results showed that M. myristica and X. aethiopica EOs were the most effective against M. domestica adults, being effective on both males (22.1 \u00b5g adult\u22121) and females (LD50: 29.1 \u00b5g adult\u22121). The M. myristica EO and geraniol showed the highest toxicity on S. littoralis, with LD50(90) values of 29.3 (123.5) and 25.3 (83.2) \u00b5g larva\u22121, respectively. Last, the EOs from M. myristica and X. aethiopica, as well as the major constituents p-cymene and \u03b1-phellandrene, were the most toxic against C. quinquefasciatus larvae. The selected EOs may potentially lead to the production of cheap and effective botanical insecticides for African smallholders, although the development of effective formulations, a safety evaluation, and an in-depth study of their efficacy on different insect species are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11182353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T04:05:41Z","timestamp":1663041941000},"page":"2353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Essential Oils from Cameroonian Aromatic Plants as Effective Insecticides against Mosquitoes, Houseflies, and Moths"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Joice G. Nkuimi","family":"Wandjou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Baldassarri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Ferrati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1375-4744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7866-4278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Pavela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Plant Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nole","family":"Tsabang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4760-1204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Petrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Ricciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Desneux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8971-6010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Benelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2013.858235","article-title":"Spice use in food: Properties and benefits","volume":"57","author":"Gassara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. 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