{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T07:10:10Z","timestamp":1772694610225,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The potential of the essential oils from aromatic plants for medical use and food preservation","award":["APVV-20-0058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-20-0058"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spanish marjoram (Thymus mastichina) and cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) are traditional aromatic plants with which several pharmacological properties have been associated. In this study, the volatile composition, antioxidative and antimigratory effects on human breast cancer (MDA-MB-468 cell line), antimicrobial activity, and antibiofilm effect were evaluated. Results obtained via treatment of human breast cancer cells generally indicated an inhibitory effect of both essential oils (EOs) on cell viability (after long-term treatment) and antioxidative potential, as well as the reduction of nitric oxide levels. Antimigratory effects were revealed, suggesting that these EOs could possess significant antimetastatic properties and stop tumor progression and growth. The antimicrobial activities of both EOs were determined using the disc diffusion method and minimal inhibition concentration, while antibiofilm activity was evaluated by means of mass spectrometry. The best antimicrobial effects of T. mastichina EO were found against the yeast Candida glabrata and the G+ bacterium Listeria monocytogenes using the disc diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration methods. E. cardamomum EO was found to be most effective against Pseudomas fluorescens biofilm using both methods. Similarly, better effects of this oil were observed on G\u2212 compared to G+ bacterial strains. Our study confirms that T. mastichina and E. cardamomum EOs act to change the protein structure of older P. fluorescens biofilms. The results underline the potential use of these EOs in manufactured products, such as foodstuffs, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11233213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T02:25:36Z","timestamp":1669256736000},"page":"3213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["GC, GC\/MS Analysis, and Biological Effects of Essential Oils from Thymus mastchina and Elettaria cardamomum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4382-9743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nenad L.","family":"Vukovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7222-7245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena D.","family":"Vukic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6372-1062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana D.","family":"Obradovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milos M.","family":"Matic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1203-4115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Galovi\u010dov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4460-0222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslava","family":"Ka\u010d\u00e1niov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia"},{"name":"Department of Bioenergy, Food Technology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza Str., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090932","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1090932","article-title":"Natural Preservatives to Improve Food Quality and Safety","volume":"2017","author":"Bondi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Qual."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.2174\/1874285801408010006","article-title":"Essential Oils, A New Horizon in Combating Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance","volume":"8","author":"Yap","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open Microbiol. J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(00)00254-0","article-title":"Epidemiology of Breast Cancer","volume":"2","author":"Key","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-020-0266-x","article-title":"Key Steps for Effective Breast Cancer Prevention","volume":"20","author":"Britt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2018.11.073","article-title":"Microemulsions for Delivery of Apiaceae Essential Oils\u2014Towards Highly Effective and Eco-Friendly Mosquito Larvicides?","volume":"129","author":"Pavela","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2020.1746698","article-title":"The Progress of Essential Oils as Potential Therapeutic Agents: A Review","volume":"32","author":"Borges","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127268","article-title":"Essential Oils: A Promising Eco-Friendly Food Preservative","volume":"330","author":"Falleh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10722-015-0229-3","article-title":"Variation in Morphological Traits among Thymus mastichina (L.) L. Populations","volume":"62","author":"Santiago","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genet. Resour. Crop. Evol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cutillas, A.-B., Carrasco, A., Martinez-Gutierrez, R., Tomas, V., and Tudela, J. (2018). Thymus Mastichina L. Essential Oils from Murcia (Spain): Composition and Antioxidant, Antienzymatic and Antimicrobial Bioactivities. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190790"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taghouti, M., Martins-Gomes, C., Sch\u00e4fer, J., Santos, J.A., Bunzel, M., Nunes, F.M., and Silva, A.M. (2019). Chemical Characterization and Bioactivity of Extracts from Thymus Mastichina: A Thymus with a Distinct Salvianolic Acid Composition. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9010034"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1934578X1200701","article-title":"Thymus mastichina : Chemical Constituents and Their Anti-Cancer Activity","volume":"7","author":"Gordo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, M., Lopes, A.C., Vaz, F., Filipe, M., Alves, G., Ribeiro, M.P., Coutinho, P., and Araujo, A.R.T.S. (2020). Thymus Mastichina: Composition and Biological Properties with a Focus on Antimicrobial Activity. Pharmaceuticals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13120479"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2013.12.041","article-title":"Antioxidant Activity of Twenty Wild Spanish Thymus Mastichina L. Populations and Its Relation with Their Chemical Composition","volume":"57","author":"Delgado","year":"2014","journal-title":"LWT Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1934578X1601100","article-title":"Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Hyperglycaemic Activities of Essential Oils from Thymbra capitata, Thymus albicans, Thymus caespititius, Thymus carnosus, Thymus lotocephalus and Thymus mastichina from Portugal","volume":"11","author":"Aazza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112244","article-title":"Botany, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Cardamom [Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton]\u2014A Critical Review","volume":"246","author":"Ashokkumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anwar, F., Abbas, A., Alkharfy, K.M., and Gilani, A.-H. (2016). Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) Oils. Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-416641-7.00033-X"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alam, A., Rehman, N.U., Ansari, M.N., and Palla, A.H. (2021). Effects of Essential Oils of Elettaria cardamomum Grown in India and Guatemala on Gram-Negative Bacteria and Gastrointestinal Disorders. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202101.0410.v1"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-017-2668-7","article-title":"Evaluating the Antimicrobial Potential of Green Cardamom Essential Oil Focusing on Quorum Sensing Inhibition of Chromobacterium violaceum","volume":"54","author":"Abdullah","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.02.043","article-title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Elettaria Cardamomum: Toxicity, Biochemical and Histological Studies","volume":"104","author":"Elmati","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"5583001","article-title":"Chemical Profile, In Vitro Antioxidant, Pancreatic Lipase, and Alpha-Amylase Inhibition Assays of the Aqueous Extract of Elettaria cardamomum L. Fruits","volume":"2021","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2014.12.012","article-title":"A Short Extraction Time of High Quality Hydrodistilled Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum L. Maton) Essential Oil Using Ultrasound as a Pretreatment","volume":"65","author":"Morsy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.07.016","article-title":"Gastroprotective Effect of Cardamom, Elettaria cardamomum Maton. Fruits in Rats","volume":"103","author":"Jamal","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarfaoui, K., Brhadda, N., Ziri, R., Oubihi, A., Imtara, H., Haida, S., al kamaly, O.M., Saleh, A., Parvez, M.K., and Fettach, S. (2022). Chemical Profile, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential of Zingiber Officinale Roscoe and Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton Essential Oils and Extracts. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11111487"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-021-01305-6","article-title":"Decoding Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Properties of Cinnamon and Cardamom Essential Oils: A Combined Molecular Docking and Experimental Study","volume":"11","author":"Pourkhosravani","year":"2021","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1934578X1989268","article-title":"Systematics Evaluations of Morphological Traits, Chemical Composition, and Antimicrobial Properties of Selected Varieties of Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton","volume":"14","author":"Alam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"42","article-title":"Essential Oil Composition of Elettaria cardamomum Maton","volume":"7","author":"Savan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-106971","article-title":"Chemical Composition, Anticonvulsant Activity, and Toxicity of Essential Oil and Methanolic Extract of Elettaria cardamomum","volume":"82","author":"Mandegary","year":"2016","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2019.102089","article-title":"Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) Extracts: Potential Therapeutic Benefits for Periodontal Infections","volume":"61","author":"Souissi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3149362","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3149362","article-title":"Anticancer Properties of Essential Oils and Other Natural Products","volume":"2018","author":"Blowman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid. -Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5748","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202502","article-title":"Global Incidence and Mortality of Breast Cancer: A Trend Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de F\u00e1tima Braga Magalh\u00e3es, I., Junqueira Moraga Tellis, C., da Silva Calabrese, K., Lucia Abreu-Silva, A., and Almeida-Souza, F. (2020). Essential Oils\u2019 Potential in Breast Cancer Treatment: An Overview. Essential Oils\u2014Bioactive Compounds, New Perspectives and Applications, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.91781"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"116","article-title":"Evaluation of Cytotoxicity Effects of Oleo-Gum-Resin and Its Essential Oil of Ferula Assa-Foetida and Ferulic Acid on 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells","volume":"38","author":"Bagheri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Paediatr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5543","article-title":"\u03b2-Bisabolene, a Sesquiterpene from the Essential Oil Extract of Opoponax (Commiphora guidottii), Exhibits Cytotoxicity in Breast Cancer Cell Lines","volume":"30","author":"Yeo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2015.00157","article-title":"DNA Repair Mechanisms in Cancer Development and Therapy","volume":"6","author":"Torgovnick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fitsiou, E., and Pappa, A. (2019). Anticancer Activity of Essential Oils and Other Extracts from Aromatic Plants Grown in Greece. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8080290"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.2174\/157488810790442813","article-title":"Signaling Mechanism(S) of Reactive Oxygen Species in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Reminiscent of Cancer Stem Cells in Tumor Progression","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"030006052090598","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520905985","article-title":"The Regulation of Nitric Oxide in Tumor Progression and Therapy","volume":"48","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e922814-1","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.922814","article-title":"Celastrol Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Suppressing Interleukin-6 via Downregulating Nuclear Factor-\u039aB (NF-\u039aB)","volume":"26","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17009","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017009","article-title":"Essential Oil Extracted from Erythrina corallodendron L. Leaves Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells","volume":"98","author":"Xing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765X.2003.01259.x","article-title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Isolated from Portuguese Endemic Species of Thymus","volume":"36","author":"Faleiro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2013.07.052","article-title":"Chemical Composition and in Vitro Antibacterial Properties of Essential Oils of Four Thymus Species from Organic Growth","volume":"50","author":"Sendra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.56499\/jppres21.1162_10.1.173","article-title":"Essential Oils from Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton Grains and Cinnamomum Verum J. Presl Barks: Chemical Examination and Bioactivity Studies","volume":"10","author":"TumAllah","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacogn. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2016.07.009","article-title":"Antibiofilm Activity of Cashew Juice Pulp against Staphylococcus Aureus, High Performance Liquid Chromatography\/Diode Array Detection and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analyses, and Interference on Antimicrobial Drugs","volume":"25","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-017-0192-y","article-title":"Candida albicans\/Staphylococcus aureus Dual-Species Biofilm as a Target for the Combination of Essential Oils and Fluconazole or Mupirocin","volume":"182","author":"Sadowska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2019.100911","article-title":"Thymus Vulgaris Essential Oil and Thymol Inhibit Biofilms and Interact Synergistically with Antifungal Drugs against Drug Resistant Strains of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis","volume":"30","author":"Jafri","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mycol. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.127542","article-title":"Aggregation-Induced Emission-Active Amino Acid\/Berberine Hydrogels with Enhanced Photodynamic Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activity","volume":"413","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ka\u010d\u00e1niov\u00e1, M., Galovi\u010dov\u00e1, L., Borotov\u00e1, P., Valkov\u00e1, V., \u010e\u00faranov\u00e1, H., Kowalczewski, P.\u0141., Said-Al Ahl, H.A.H., Hikal, W.M., Vukic, M., and Savitskaya, T. (2021). Chemical Composition, In Vitro and In Situ Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) Essential Oil. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10102185"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1700006","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201700006","article-title":"Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Synergistic Properties of Essential Oils from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Seven Mediterranean Aromatic Plants","volume":"14","author":"Vieira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620227","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.620227","article-title":"Anti-Biofilm Potential of Elletaria cardamomum Essential Oil against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium JSG 1748","volume":"12","author":"Abdullah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Adams, R.P. (2007). Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography\/Mass Spectroscopy, Allured Pub. Corp."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)80947-X","article-title":"A Generalization of the Retention Index System Including Linear Temperature Programmed Gas\u2014Liquid Partition Chromatography","volume":"11","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","article-title":"Rapid Colorimetric Assay for Cellular Growth and Survival: Application to Proliferation and Cytotoxicity Assays","volume":"65","author":"Mosmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Auclair, C., and Voisin, E. (1985). Nitroblue Tetrazolium Reduction. Handbook Methods for Oxygen Radical Research, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/cber.187901201117","article-title":"Bemerkungen Zu Der Abhandlung Der HH. Weselsky Und Benedikt \u201dUeber Einige Azoverbindungen\u201d","volume":"12","author":"Griess","year":"1879","journal-title":"Ber. Der Dtsch. Chem. Ges."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Bergmeyen, H.V. (1975). Reduced Glutathione (GSH). Red Blood Cell Metabolism: A Manual of Biochemical Methods, Grune and Stratton. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Chen, H.-C. (2005). Boyden Chamber Assay. Cell Migration, Humana Press."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1515\/chem-2021-0191","article-title":"Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Cinnamomum cassia Essential Oil and Its Application in Food Preservation","volume":"19","author":"Terentjeva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Chem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ka\u010d\u00e1niov\u00e1, M., Terentjeva, M., Galovi\u010dov\u00e1, L., Ivani\u0161ov\u00e1, E., \u0160tef\u00e1nikov\u00e1, J., Valkov\u00e1, V., Borotov\u00e1, P., Kowalczewski, P.\u0141., Kunov\u00e1, S., and Fel\u0161\u00f6ciov\u00e1, S. (2020). Biological Activity and Antibiofilm Molecular Profile of Citrus aurantium Essential Oil and Its Application in a Food Model. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25173956"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galovi\u010dov\u00e1, L., Borotov\u00e1, P., Valkov\u00e1, V., Vukovic, N.L., Vukic, M., \u0160tef\u00e1nikov\u00e1, J., \u010e\u00faranov\u00e1, H., Kowalczewski, P.\u0141., \u010cmikov\u00e1, N., and Ka\u010d\u00e1niov\u00e1, M. (2021). Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil and Its Biological Activity. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10091959"}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/11\/23\/3213\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:25:31Z","timestamp":1760145931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/11\/23\/3213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["plants11233213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants11233213","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2223-7747","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]}}}