{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T01:44:57Z","timestamp":1790905497143,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32260751"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260751"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20202BABL205001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20202BABL205001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20202BABL205005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20202BABL205005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","award":["32260751"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260751"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","award":["20202BABL205001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20202BABL205001"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","award":["20202BABL205005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20202BABL205005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dwarfing rootstocks are capable of high-density planting and are therefore urgently needed in the modern citrus cultivation system. However, little is known about the physiological relevance and molecular basis underlying citrus height. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze phytohormone, carbohydrate, and associated transcriptome changes in the stem of two weak growth rootstocks (\u2018TO\u2019 and \u2018FD\u2019) relative to the vigorous \u2018CC\u2019 rootstock. The phenotypic observation revealed that the plant height, plant weight, and internode length were reduced in dwarfing rootstocks. Moreover, the contents of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), trans-zeatin (tZ), and abscisic acid (ABA), were higher in TO and FD rootstocks, whereas the gibberellin 3 (GA3) content was higher in the CC rootstocks. The carbohydrate contents, including sucrose, fructose, glucose, starch, and lignin significantly decreased in both the TO and FD rootstocks. The full-length transcriptome analysis revealed a potential mechanism regulating dwarfing phenotype that was mainly related to the phytohormone signaling transduction, sugar and starch degradation, lignin synthesis, and cellulose and hemicellulose degradation processes. In addition, many transcription factors (TFs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and alternative splicing (AS) events were identified, which might act as important contributors to control the stem elongation and development in the weak growth rootstocks. These findings might deepen the understanding of the complex mechanisms of the stem development responsible for citrus dwarfing and provide a series of candidate genes for the application in breeding new rootstocks with intensive dwarfing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12020271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T03:25:58Z","timestamp":1673234758000},"page":"271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Physiological and Full-Length Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Dwarfing Regulation in Trifoliate Orange (Poncirus trifoliata L.)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6481-8352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingjiang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongwei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengru","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziwen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoli","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5083-7368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengrong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7348.2010.00454.x","article-title":"Citrus dwarfing viroid: Effects on tree size and scion performance specific to Poncirus trifoliata rootstock for high-density planting","volume":"158","author":"Vidalakis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. 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