{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:24:02Z","timestamp":1792801442341,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","award":["075-15-2020-774"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2020-774"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The application of plasma-activated water (PAW) in agriculture has gained the attention of researchers and practitioners. In particular, treatment with PAW is a promising method for increasing scion and rootstock survival as well as augmenting the mineral nutrition applicable to tree fruit crops. However, the applications of PAW are hampered by the lack of information about the effects of PAW on apple tree condition and yield. The increase in survival rate by PAW is believed to stem from the general stimulation of physiological processes in the plant tissue. To assess the actual effect of the PAW treatments, one needs to consider an important indicator of young tree quality such as their vegetative growth. We conducted field experiments to study the possibility of use of PAW for increase in primary nutrient contents in fruits and leaves in an orchard, as well as to assess the scion survival rate and vegetative growth of young grafts in a nursery. The application of PAW influenced the fruitset, yield, leaf nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), fruit phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) ascorbic acid (AA) and titratable acidity (TA). Treatment with PAW did not significantly reduce the negative impact of the rootstock thickness on the survival rate of bench grafts and their subsequent development. At the same time, scion survival tended to increase in the case when the scions and the rootstocks were of compatible thickness. Further studies of the PAW treatment effects are needed to better understand its applicability in diverse fields of horticulture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12020385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T03:40:34Z","timestamp":1673840434000},"page":"385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Effects of Plasma-Activated Water on Leaf and Fruit Biochemical Composition and Scion Growth in Apple"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0446-0085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei","family":"Kuzin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Michurin Federal Scientific Center, 393766 Michurinsk, Russia"},{"name":"Fruit and Vegetable Growing Department, Michurinsk State Agrarian University, 393766 Michurinsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6746-8511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexei","family":"Solovchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, 109428 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6503-0065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Khort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, 109428 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3586-3634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rostislav","family":"Filippov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, 109428 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Lukanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalya","family":"Lukina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxim","family":"Astashev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8684-1139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeny","family":"Konchekov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1700174","article-title":"Plasma agriculture: A rapidly emerging field","volume":"15","author":"Gherardi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plasma Process. 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