{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T09:43:21Z","timestamp":1788601401280,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Worldwide, human beings have traditionally employed many folkloric herbal resources as complementary and alternative remedies, and these remedies have played a pivotal role in modern medicines for many decades, as scientists have used them to develop drugs. We studied the effects of employing solvents with varying polarity on the yields of phytochemical components extracted from the plant Rhazya stricta. We used chloroform\u2013methanol (1:1), methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate as extraction solvents. The results showed that the efficiencies of the solvents at extracting phytochemical compounds were in this order: chloroform\u2013methanol &lt; ethanol &lt; methanol &lt; diethyl ether &lt; ethyl acetate extract. The chloroform\u2013methanol extract produced the highest concentration of phenolic and flavonoid contents among the five solvents tested (13.3 mg GAE\/g DM and 5.43 CE\/g DM). The yields of the extracted phytochemical compounds ranged from 47.55 to 6.05%. The results revealed that the properties of the extraction solvents considerably impacted the extraction yield and the phytochemical components of the R. stricta extract. Furthermore, compared with the other solvents, the chloroform\u2013methanol extraction led to the highest yield (47.55%) and to more phytochemical substances being extracted. The aim of this study is to investigate the phytochemical compounds extracted from R. stricta with different solvents that have different polarities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12040960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T06:37:59Z","timestamp":1676875079000},"page":"960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Plant Rhazya stricta Using Various Solvents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Nabih A.","family":"Baeshen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaaser Q.","family":"Almulaiky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21921, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Taiz 3191, Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5298-6153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Afifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0233-5539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ammar","family":"Al-Farga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3549-1789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haytham A.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7580-0406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naseebh N.","family":"Baeshen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts at Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9663-8874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mosleh M.","family":"Abomughaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaser M.","family":"Abdelazim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed N.","family":"Baeshen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2019.08.004","article-title":"Withaferin A: From ayurvedic folk medicine to preclinical anti-cancer drug","volume":"173","author":"Hassannia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20180467","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0467-2018","article-title":"\u201cKambo\u201d frog (Phyllomedusa bicolor): Use in folk medicine and potential health risks","volume":"52","author":"Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"65","article-title":"Investigation of total zinc contents and zinc-protein profile in medicinal plants traditionally used for diabetes treatment. Biometals","volume":"33","author":"Ebrahim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Role Met. Ions Biol. Biochem. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Saber Batiha, G., Magdy Beshbishy, A., El-Mleeh, A., Abdel-Daim, M.M., and Prasad Devkota, H. (2020). Traditional Uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, and Pharmacological and Toxicological Activities of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae). Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10030352"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.11.013","article-title":"Medicinal plants used in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Phytochemical screening","volume":"28","author":"Alqethami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Seedi, H.R., Kotb, S.M., Musharraf, S.G., Shehata, A.A., Guo, Z., Alsharif, S.M., and Khalifa, S.A. (2022). Saudi Arabian Plants: A Powerful Weapon against a Plethora of Diseases. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11243436"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2017.0306","article-title":"A comprehensive review of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in the elderly","volume":"9","author":"Wongrakpanich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098614554919","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: Risk associated with antibiotic overuse and initiatives to reduce the problem","volume":"5","author":"Llor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2018.12.23348","article-title":"Trends in the incidence and mortality of cancer in Saudi Arabia","volume":"39","author":"Althubiti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi Med. J."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"2706","article-title":"A review on ethno-medicinal plants. Used in traditional medicine in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi","volume":"27","author":"Ullah","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7435909","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7435909","article-title":"Pharmacological evaluation of secondary metabolites and their simultaneous determination in the Arabian medicinal plant Plicosepalus curviflorus using HPTLC validated method","volume":"2019","author":"Orfali","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anal. Methods Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2020.03.004","article-title":"Characterization of secondary metabolites of leaf and stem essential oils of Achillea fragrantissima from central region of Saudi Arabia","volume":"13","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2016.04.006","article-title":"Significant antibacterial activity and synergistic effects of camel lactoferrin with antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)","volume":"167","author":"Redwan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134443","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis of Rhazya stricta extract and its use in fabrication of silver nanoparticles effective against mosquito vectors and microbial pathogens","volume":"700","author":"Aziz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2018.04.018","article-title":"Monoterpene indole alkaloids from Rhazya stricta","volume":"128","author":"Ahmed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akhgari, A., Laakso, I., Maaheimo, H., Choi, Y.H., Seppanen-Laakso, T., Oksman-Caldentey, K.M., and Rischer, H. (2019). Methyljasmonate elicitation increases terpenoid indole alkaloid accumulation in Rhazya stricta hairy root cultures. Plants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants8120534"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2020.104558","article-title":"Indole alkaloids: 2012 until now, highlighting the new chemical structures and biological activities","volume":"143","author":"Rosales","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"LB83","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.29.1_supplement.lb83","article-title":"Evaluation of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of alkaloid-rich and alkaloid-free aqueous extracts of Rhazya stricta leaves","volume":"29","author":"Yaghmoor","year":"2015","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2379-7835.ijn-19-3144","article-title":"In vitro assessment of antioxidant enzymes, phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity of the verdolaga (Portulacaceae)","volume":"4","author":"Almulaiky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(03)00209-7","article-title":"HPLC analyses of flavanols and phenolic acids in the fresh young shoots of tea (Camellia sinensis) grown in Australia","volume":"84","author":"Yao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-1483.62212","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of the methanol extract of the wood and pericarp of Caesalpinia decapetala","volume":"2","author":"Pawar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Young Pharm."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"83\u201391","article-title":"Assessment of Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Methanolic Extracts of Morus nigra and Artocarpus heterophyllus Leaves","volume":"21","author":"Thakur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Cell Biotechnol. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785e8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.12.005","article-title":"Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of selected tropical fruits from Malaysia, extracted with different solvents","volume":"115","author":"Alothman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2013.11.001","article-title":"Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Limnophila aromatica","volume":"22","author":"Do","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-019-01273-5","article-title":"The effect of palmitic acid on inflammatory response in macrophages: An overview of molecular mechanisms","volume":"68","author":"Korbecki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12024","article-title":"Dietary fatty acids affect semen quality: A review","volume":"3","author":"Esmaeili","year":"2015","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6457","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.9b02346","article-title":"Total Synthesis of (+)-Aspidospermidine","volume":"21","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2018.1451387","article-title":"Screening of potential lead molecules against prioritised targets of multi-drug-resistant-Acinetobacter baumannii\u2014Insights from molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations and in vitro assays","volume":"37","author":"Skariyachan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1112614","article-title":"Plant volatile compounds: Sensory cues for health and nutritional value?","volume":"311","author":"Goff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2015.10.017","article-title":"Phytochemical and taxonomic evaluation of Rhazya stricta in Saudi Arabia","volume":"24","author":"Bukhari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201020666190619105249","article-title":"Genetic Diversity Among Saudi Peganum harmala and Rhazya stricta Populations Using Chemical and ISSR Markers","volume":"20","author":"Alotaibi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172472","article-title":"Alkaloids for cancer prevention and therapy: Current progress and future perspectives","volume":"858","author":"Mondal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wada, K., and Yamashita, H. (2019). Cytotoxic Effects of Diterpenoid Alkaloids Against Human Cancer Cells. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24122317"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2019.02.002","article-title":"Defense potential of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants under UV-B stress","volume":"193","author":"Takshak","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-017-0240-1","article-title":"Cheminformatics studies to analyze the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals from Rhazya stricta","volume":"11","author":"Obaid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Cent. J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1615\/IntJMedMushrooms.v19.i5.40","article-title":"Efficient Accumulation and In Vitro Antitumor Activities of Triterpene Acids from Submerged Batch\u2014Cultured Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes)","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Mushrooms"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"131","article-title":"Novel triterpene saponins isolated from Clematis mandshurica and their inhibitory activities on NO production","volume":"16","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, Y.S., Zhang, Y., Hu, W.Z., Chen, X., Fu, X., Lv, X., Zhang, L.H., Zhang, N., and Li, G. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory Triterpene Glycosides from the Roots of Ilex dunniana Levl. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22071206"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.7b00536","article-title":"Antineoplastic Agents. 606. The Betulastatins","volume":"81","author":"Pettit","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108902","article-title":"Phthalate exposure and prostate cancer in a population-based nested case-control study","volume":"181","author":"Chuang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125114","article-title":"Knockdown of TNFAIP1 prevents di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced neurotoxicity by activating CREB pathway","volume":"241","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-416003-3.00014-7","article-title":"Biological importance and applications of squalene and squalane","volume":"65","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Food Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.12.037","article-title":"Association between vaccine adjuvant effect and pre-seasonal immunity. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised immunogenicity trials comparing squalene-adjuvanted and aqueous inactivated influenza vaccines","volume":"38","author":"Beyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrahim, N., Fairus, S., Zulfarina, M.S., and Naina Mohamed, I. (2020). The efficacy of squalene in cardiovascular disease risk-a systematic review. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020414"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1016\/0731-7085(94)00066-2","article-title":"Isolation and biological activity of aspidospermine and quebrachamine from an Aspidosperma tree source","volume":"12","author":"Deutsch","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/14786410802417040","article-title":"Phytochemical and enzyme inhibitory studies on indigenous medicinal plant Rhazya stricta","volume":"24","author":"Sultana","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.4172\/2329-6577.1000151","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of the folkloric medicinal plant Rhazya stricta","volume":"5","author":"Baeshen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Syst: Open Access."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2017.12.009","article-title":"Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, cholesterol, and fatty acids modulate the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A (ANO1). Biochim et Biophys Acta","volume":"1863","author":"Qu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2015.1104702","article-title":"Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity and standardisation of hydro-methanol extract of underground tuber of Dioscorea alata","volume":"54","author":"Dey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.12.012","article-title":"Assessment of anti-diabetic activity of an ethnopharmacological plant Nerium oleander through alloxan induced diabetes in mice","volume":"161","author":"Dey","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"1929","article-title":"Bioactive compounds in Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria) fruit as potential source of antifertility agent","volume":"30","author":"Simbala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"1451","article-title":"Analytical evaluation of three wild growing Omani medicinal plants","volume":"6","author":"Hanif","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0967199417000582","article-title":"Oleic acid in the modulation of oocyte and preimplantation embryo development","volume":"26","author":"Fayezi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zygote"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piccinin, E., Cariello, M., De Santis, S., Ducheix, S., Sabba, C., Ntambi, J.M., and Moschetta, A. (2019). Role of oleic acid in the gut-liver axis: From diet to the regulation of its synthesis via stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1). Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102283"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6053492","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6053492","article-title":"Omega-9 oleic acid, the main compound of olive oil, mitigates inflammation during experimental sepsis","volume":"2018","author":"Kurz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12454","article-title":"Apoptosis of Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites induced by oleic acid","volume":"65","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Eukaryot. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-020-0434-8","article-title":"Oleic acid ameliorates palmitic acid induced hepatocellular lipotoxicity by inhibition of ER stress and pyroptosis","volume":"17","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201817666200210122933","article-title":"Mixed oleic acid-erucic acid liposomes as a carrier for anticancer drug","volume":"17","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.02.099","article-title":"Oleic acid up-regulates myosin heavy chain (MyHC) 1 expression and increases mitochondrial mass and maximum respiration in C2C12 myoblasts","volume":"525","author":"Watanabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2006.9.270","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts from leaves of Rhazya stricta","volume":"9","author":"Iqbal","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Kemnic, T.R., and Coleman, M. (2022, July 04). Vitamin E Deficiency, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK519051\/."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000635","article-title":"Lower serum levels of alpha tocopherol and lycopene is associated with higher pain and physical disability in subjects with primary knee osteoarthritis: A case-control study","volume":"91","author":"Eftekharsadat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001037","article-title":"Postoperative administration of alpha-tocopherol enhances osseointegration of stainless steel implants: An in vivo rat model","volume":"478","author":"Savvidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(00)00298-3","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of grape seed (Vitis vinifera) extracts on peroxidation models in vitro","volume":"73","author":"Jayaprakasha","year":"2001","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules14062167","article-title":"Effect of Extraction Solvent\/Technique on the Antioxidant Activity of Selected Medicinal Plant Extracts","volume":"14","author":"Sultana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517683","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1517683","article-title":"GC-MS based metabolite profiling, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of different solvent extracts of Malaysian Plectranthus amboinicus leaves","volume":"2017","author":"Swamy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4113","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9801973","article-title":"Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables, and grain products","volume":"46","author":"Velioglu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(98)00102-2","article-title":"The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals","volume":"64","author":"Zhishen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Food Chem."}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/12\/4\/960\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:37:09Z","timestamp":1760121429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/12\/4\/960"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["plants12040960"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants12040960","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2223-7747","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]]}}}