{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:02:52Z","timestamp":1760148172188,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UTM Research Fellowship scheme"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic and anti-migratory effects of Marantodes pumilum Blume Kuntze plant extracts on prostate cancer cells, identify the active compound\/s, and characterize their mechanism of action. The crude methanolic extract was partitioned into n-hexane (MPh), chloroform (MPc), and aqueous (MPa) extracts. Antiproliferative fractions (IC50 &lt; 30 \u03bcg\/mL based on SRB staining of LNCaP and PC3 cell lines) were further fractionated. Active compound\/s were identified using spectroscopic methods. In vitro mechanistic studies on PC3 cells included: annexin V-FITC staining, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depolarization measurements, the activity of caspases 3 and 7, nuclear DNA fragmentation, cell cycle analysis, modulation of Bax, Bcl-2, Smac\/Diablo, Alox-5, VEGF-A, CXCR4, and CXCL12 mRNA gene expression via RT-PCR, 2D migration (scratch assay), and 3D invasion (Boyden chamber). MPc extract was the most active, inducing cell death (p &lt; 0.05) via apoptosis, as evidenced by nuclear DNA fragmentation and an increase in MMP depolarization (p &lt; 0.05) as well as the activation of caspases 3\/7 (MPc p &lt; 0.01) in both PC3 and LNCaP cell lines. In addition, MPc upregulated Bax and Smac\/DIABLO, downregulated Bcl-2 (p &lt; 0.05), and inhibited ALOX-5 mRNA gene expression (p &lt; 0.001). MPc was not cytotoxic against normal human fibroblast cells (HDFa) at the tested concentrations. Moreover, MPc inhibited migration and invasion of PC3 cells (p &lt; 0.01). These effects were accompanied by the downregulation of both VEGF-A and CXCL-12 gene expressions (p &lt; 0.001). A monounsaturated 5-alkyl resorcinol was isolated as the active compound in the MPc extract and identified as 5-henicosene-1-yl-resorcinol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12071576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T04:04:16Z","timestamp":1680840256000},"page":"1576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["In Vitro Pro-Apoptotic and Anti-Migratory Effects of Marantodes pumilum (syn. Labisia pumila) Extracts on Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines: Bioguided Isolation of 5-Henicosene-1-yl-resorcinol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1259-0354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd Mukrish Mohd","family":"Hanafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, U.C.L. School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harisun","family":"Yaakob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, U.C.L. School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2649-1691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose M.","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, U.C.L. School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Ervik, M., Dikshit, R., Eser, S., Mathers, C., Rebelo, M., Parkin, D.M., Forman, D., and Bray, F. (2013). 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