{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:08:25Z","timestamp":1788260905553,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Species-specific variation in response to stress is a key driver of ecological patterns. As climate change alters stress regimes, coastal plants are experiencing intensifying salinity stress due to sea-level rise and more intense storms. This study investigates the variation in species\u2019 responses to presses and pulses of salinity stress in five glycophytic and five halophytic species to determine whether salinity intensity, duration, or their interaction best explain patterns of survival and performance. In salinity stress exposure experiments, we manipulated the intensity and duration of salinity exposure to challenge species\u2019 expected salinity tolerances. Salinity intensity best explained patterns of survival in glycophytic species, while the interaction between intensity and duration was a better predictor of survival in halophytic species. The interaction between intensity and duration also best explained biomass and chlorophyll production for all tested species. There was interspecific variability in the magnitude of the interactive effect of salinity intensity and duration, with some glycophytic species (Persicaria maculosa, Sorghum bicolor, and Glycine max) having a more pronounced, negative biomass response. For the majority of species, prolonged stress duration exacerbated the negative effect of salinity intensity on biomass. We also observed an unexpected, compensatory response in chlorophyll production in two species, Phragmites australis and Kosteletzkya virginica, for which the effect of salinity intensity on chlorophyll became more positive with increasing duration. We found the regression coefficient of salinity intensity versus biomass at the highest stress duration, i.e., as a press stressor, to be a useful indicator of salinity tolerance, for which species\u2019 salinity-tolerance levels matched those in the literature. In conclusion, by measuring species-specific responses to stress exposure, we were able to visualize the independent and interactive effects of two components of a salinity stress regime, intensity, and duration, to reveal how species\u2019 responses vary in magnitude and by tolerance class.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12132522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:42:46Z","timestamp":1688344966000},"page":"2522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Distinguishing the Effects of Stress Intensity and Stress Duration in Plant Responses to Salinity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Caitlin","family":"DiCara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Columbian College of Arts & Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4020-5441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keryn","family":"Gedan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Columbian College of Arts & Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1086\/283241","article-title":"Mechanisms of Succession in Natural Communities and Their Role in Community Stability and Organization","volume":"111","author":"Connell","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am. 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