{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:22:40Z","timestamp":1790788960054,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania","award":["2021-0005\/13.07.2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-0005\/13.07.2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Romania has a long history of grapevine culturing and winemaking. However, like any agricultural sector, viticulture faces devastating biological threats. Fungi responsible for grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) and grape spoilage lead to considerable yield losses and a decline in grapevine quality. In the actual context, many countries, including Romania, have reoriented their approaches to minimize chemical inputs, which have been proven to be toxic and to have negative impacts on the environment, and to replace them with sustainable biocontrol strategies for the wine-growing sector. Within biocontrol strategies, Bacillus spp. is a well-known plant-protective bacteria with antifungal properties. Within this paper, six endophytic bacteria from various plant sources were studied. The bacterial strains were identified as B. pumilus, B. subtilis, and B. velezensis by sequencing their 16S rDNA region. Regardless of the in vitro test methods (using living bacterial cells, bacterial-cell-free supernatant (CFS), and volatile active compounds (VOCs)), B. velezensis strains revealed strong and broad antifungal activity against grape and grapevine fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus spp., Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Diplodia seriata, Eutypa lata, Fusarium spp., Clonostachys rosea, Neofusicoccum parvum, and Stereum hirsutum. The functional antifungal genes encoding for difficidin, fengycin, iturins, macrolactin, and mycosubtilin were molecularly detected, which could support the proven antifungal activity of the endophytic strains. Lytic enzymes involved in fungal growth inhibition, such as chitinase, cellulase, and proteases, were also revealed to be produced by some of these bacterial strains. Various other in vitro tests, such as phosphate and phytate solubilization, phytohormone synthesis, the production of enzymes involved in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway, and pH as well as temperature tolerance tests were carried out to reveal the plant-beneficial potential of these bacterial strains. These results revealed that the B. velezensis strains, especially BAHs1, are the most suitable endophytes for grapevine biologic control, which could lead to the future development of sustainable management strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12132553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T00:41:27Z","timestamp":1688604087000},"page":"2553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["In Vitro Evaluation of Some Endophytic Bacillus to Potentially Inhibit Grape and Grapevine Fungal Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7830-4109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oana-Alina","family":"Boiu-Sicuia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59, M\u0103r\u0103\u0219ti Blvd., District 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Research-Development Institute for Plant Protection, 8 Ion Ionescu de la Brad Blvd., District 1, 013813 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3912-1120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radu Cristian","family":"Toma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59, M\u0103r\u0103\u0219ti Blvd., District 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2275-9141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camelia Filofteia","family":"Digu\u021b\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59, M\u0103r\u0103\u0219ti Blvd., District 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7568-9952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florentina","family":"Matei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59, M\u0103r\u0103\u0219ti Blvd., District 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u0103lina Petru\u021ba","family":"Cornea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59, M\u0103r\u0103\u0219ti Blvd., District 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023, May 02). FAOSTAT. Available online: http:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#data\/QCL."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"579","article-title":"Effect of climate change on infection of grapevine by downy and powdery mildew under controlled environment","volume":"76","author":"Pugliese","year":"2011","journal-title":"Commun. Agric. Appl. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-017-2156-z","article-title":"Climate Change Impact on Climate Suitability for Wine Production in Romania","volume":"133","author":"Irimia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chedea, V., Dr\u0103gulinescu, A.-M., Tomoiag\u0103, L., B\u0103l\u0103ceanu, C., and Iliescu, M. (2021). Climate Change and Internet of Things Technologies\u2014Sustainable Premises of Extending the Culture of the Amurg Cultivar in Transylvania\u2014A Use Case for T\u00e2rnave Vineyard. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13158170"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2017.09.080","article-title":"Predominant mycotoxins, mycotoxigenic fungi and climate change related to wine","volume":"103","author":"Paterson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Res. Int. Ott. Ont."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"133","article-title":"Production of Wine Grapes and Cultural Traditions Related to Vine in Romania","volume":"20","author":"Chiurciu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Pap. Ser. Manag. Econ. Eng. Agric. Rural Dev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muntean, M.-D., Dr\u0103gulinescu, A.-M., Tomoiag\u0103, L.L., Com\u0219a, M., R\u0103coare, H.-S., S\u00eerbu, A.D., and Chedea, V.S. (2022). Fungal Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Romanian Vineyards in the Context of the International Situation. Pathogens, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11091006"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-84-186","article-title":"Reductions in yield and vegetative growth of grapevines due to Eutypa Dieback","volume":"84","author":"Munkvold","year":"1994","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"295","article-title":"Decline of young grapevines caused by fungi","volume":"652","author":"Oliveira","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1350","article-title":"Identifying and setting the parameters of the risk factors involved in the process of biological decline of the vines in romania","volume":"13","author":"Oroian","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Environ. Prot. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Com\u0219a, M.L., Cudur, F., Cudur, C., and Cristea, C. (2012). Seria Horticultur\u0103, Universitatea de \u0218tiin\u021be Agricole \u0219i Medicin\u0103 Veterinar\u0103 \u201cIon Ionescu de la Brad\u201d."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"2","article-title":"Researches regarding the Eutypa lata lignicole fungus manifestation in vineyards from Blaj wine centre","volume":"71","author":"Popescu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bull. UASVM Hortic."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"554","article-title":"Moulds presence on indigenous grape varieties from Mini\u0219-M\u0103derat vineyard","volume":"6","author":"Ursu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Agric. Agric. Sci. Procedia"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"117","article-title":"Grapevine trunk diseases management in vineyards from Central Transylvania","volume":"77","author":"Tomoiaga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull. USMV Cluj-Napoca. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amarouchi, Z., Esmaeel, Q., Sanchez, L., Jacquard, C., Hafidi, M., Vaillant-Gaveau, N., and Ait Barka, E. (2021). Beneficial microorganisms to control the gray mold of grapevine: From screening to mechanisms. Microorganisms, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9071386"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.20870\/oeno-one.2018.52.3.2116","article-title":"Breeding for durable resistance to downy and powdery mildew in grapevine","volume":"52","author":"Merdinoglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"OENO One"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2010.02127.x","article-title":"Development of a qPCR assay for specific quantification of Botrytis cinerea on grapes","volume":"313","author":"Diguta","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2011.03.006","article-title":"PCR ITS-RFLP: A useful method for identifying filamentous fungi isolates on grapes","volume":"28","author":"Diguta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6749","article-title":"Fungicide resistance characterized across seven modes of action in Botrytis cinerea isolated from Australian vineyards","volume":"78","author":"Harper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2013.08.013","article-title":"Non-Botrytis grape-rotting fungi responsible for earthy and moldy off-flavors and mycotoxins","volume":"38","author":"Rousseaux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"11875","article-title":"Rapid detection of Aspergillus carbonarius in Romanian vineyards","volume":"21","author":"Matei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rom. Biotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"305","article-title":"Molecular detection of black Aspergillus and Penicillium species from Dealu Mare vineyard","volume":"62","author":"Toma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Pap. Ser. B Hortic."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-005-3872-4","article-title":"Origin of (\u2212)-geosmin on grapes: On the complementary action of two fungi, Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum","volume":"88","author":"Chamont","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anton. Leeuw."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"5","article-title":"Towards a redefinition of the diseases within the esca complex of grapevine","volume":"48","author":"Surico","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phytopathol. Mediterr."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"407","article-title":"Fungi Associated with Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Nursery-Produced Vitis vinifera Plants","volume":"57","author":"Pintos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytopathol. Mediterr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kenfaoui, J., Radouane, N., Mennani, M., Tahiri, A., el Ghadraoui, L., Belabess, Z., Fontaine, F., el Hamss, H., Amiri, S., and Lahlali, R. (2022). A panoramic view on grapevine trunk diseases threats: Case of Eutypa Dieback, Botryosphaeria Dieback, and Esca Disease. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8060595"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"3","article-title":"Botryosphaeria Species Associated with Diseases of Grapevines in Portugal","volume":"41","author":"Phillips","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phytopathol. Mediterr."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"152","article-title":"Identification of Potential Sources of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora in the Grapevine Propagation Process","volume":"43","author":"Whiteman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phytopathol. Mediterr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-98-2-0222","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Eutypa lata in Grapevine: Identification of Virulence Factors and Biochemical Characterization of Cordon Dieback","volume":"98","author":"Rolshausen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-009-9530-3","article-title":"Evaluation of the grapevine nursery propagation process as a source of Phaeoacremonium spp. and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Occurrence of trunk disease pathogens in rootstock mother vines in spain","volume":"126","author":"Aroca","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"De La Fuente, M., Fontaine, F., Gramaje, D., Armengol, J., Smart, R.E., Nagy, Z.A., Borgo, M., Rego, C., and Corio-Costet, M.-F. (2016). Grapevine Trunk Diseases\u2014A Review, OIV. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-015-0770-0","article-title":"The effects of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) on vine physiology","volume":"144","author":"Fontaine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plant. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"49","article-title":"Grapevine trunk disease in European and Mediterranean vineyards: Occurrence, distribution and associated disease-affecting cultural factors","volume":"58","author":"Fontaine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytopathol. Mediterr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.51258\/RJH.2021.18","article-title":"Identification by plate culture method of the fungal pathogens causing the grapevine trunk diseases in Romanian Vineyards","volume":"2","author":"Botea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rom. J. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"1843","article-title":"Ecological microclimate influence on grapevine Phomopsis viticola attack frequency in aiud-ciumbrud vineyards","volume":"77","author":"Savu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull. USAMV Cluj-Napoca. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"448","article-title":"Fungi Associated with Esca Decline and their in vitro control by chitosan","volume":"53","author":"Matei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Pap. UASVM Buchar."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"527","article-title":"Investigating the role of Fusarium spp. in the young vine decline complex","volume":"56","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytopathol. Mediterr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-08-17-1181-FE","article-title":"Grapevine trunk diseases: A review of fifteen years of trials for their control with chemicals and biocontrol agents","volume":"102","author":"Mondello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.20870\/oeno-one.2023.57.1.5575","article-title":"A systemic approach to grapevine decline diagnosed using three key indicators: Plant mortality, yield loss and vigour decrease","volume":"57","author":"Merot","year":"2023","journal-title":"OENO One"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.36253\/phyto-4805","article-title":"The Control of Esca: Status and Perspectives","volume":"39","author":"Cesari","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phytopathol. Mediterr."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.36253\/phyto-5041","article-title":"Benefit of fungicide treatment after trunk renewal of vines with different types of esca necrosis","volume":"43","author":"Calzarano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phytopathol. Mediterr."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2009.05.010","article-title":"Evaluation of fungicides to control Petri disease pathogens in the grapevine propagation process","volume":"28","author":"Gramaje","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crop Prot."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-11-11-0998-RE","article-title":"Evaluation of fungicides for the management of botryosphaeria canker of grapevines","volume":"96","author":"Pitt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-04-17-0512-FE","article-title":"Managing grapevine trunk diseases with respect to etiology and epidemiology: Current strategies and future prospects","volume":"102","author":"Gramaje","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2020.105465","article-title":"Protection of grapevine pruning wounds against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Diplodia seriata by commercial biological and chemical methods","volume":"143","author":"Gramaje","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crop Prot."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"125","article-title":"Protection of grapevine pruning wounds against Eutypa lata by biological and chemical methods","volume":"31","author":"Halleen","year":"2010","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Enol. Vitic."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063932","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1063932","article-title":"Susceptibility of pruning wounds to grapevine trunk diseases: A quantitative analysis of literature data","volume":"14","author":"Rosace","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40793-021-00390-1","article-title":"Grapevine wood microbiome analysis identifies key fungal pathogens and potential interactions with the bacterial community implicated in grapevine trunk disease appearance","volume":"16","author":"Bekris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.12.008","article-title":"The Microbiota of the Grapevine Holobiont: A Key Component of Plant Health","volume":"40","author":"Bettenfeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2022.06.009","article-title":"Natural antimicrobial lipopeptides secreted by Bacillus spp. and their application in food preservation, a critical review","volume":"127","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"10737","article-title":"Biodiversity of Bacillus subtilis group and beneficial traits of Bacillus species useful in plant protection","volume":"20","author":"Sicuia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rom. Biotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Egamberdieva, D. (2016). Bacilli and Agrobiotechnology, Springer."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14506","article-title":"Bacillus species in soil as a natural resource for plant health and nutrition","volume":"128","author":"Saxena","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miljakovi\u0107, D., Marinkovi\u0107, J., and Bale\u0161evi\u0107-Tubi\u0107, S. (2020). The Significance of Bacillus spp. in disease suppression and growth promotion of field and vegetable crops. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8071037"},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Amaresan, N., Senthil Kumar, M., Annapurna, K., Kumar, K., and Sankaranarayanan, A. (2020). Beneficial Microbes in AgroEcology, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ngalimat, M.S., Yahaya, R.S.R., Baharudin, M.M.A.-a., Yaminudin, S.M., Karim, M., Ahmad, S.A., and Sabri, S. (2021). A Review on the biotechnological applications of the operational Group Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Microorganisms, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030614"},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"100128","article-title":"Potential use of Bacillus spp. as an effective biostimulant against abiotic stresses in crops\u2014A review","volume":"5","author":"Etesami","year":"2023","journal-title":"CRBIOT"},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Mounier, E., Boulisset, F., Cortes, F., Cadiou, M., Dubournet, P., and Pajot, E. (2016). Biocontrol of Major Grapevine Diseases: Leading Research, CAB International."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"257","article-title":"Trichoderma atroviride SC1 prevents Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum infection of grapevine plants during the grafting process in nurseries","volume":"61","author":"Pertot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bio Control"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726132","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.726132","article-title":"Cultivar contributes to the beneficial effects of Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 and Trichoderma atroviride SC1 to protect grapevine against Neofusicoccum parvum","volume":"12","author":"Leal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00302","article-title":"Overview of the antimicrobial compounds produced by members of the Bacillus subtilis group","volume":"10","author":"Caulier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"1744","article-title":"Halotolerant Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 24.5 useful as a biological agent to control phyto-pathogenic fungi","volume":"25","author":"Proca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rom. Biotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2013.06.054","article-title":"Inhibition of Aspergillus carbonarius and fungal contamination in table grapes using Bacillus subtilis","volume":"35","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4517","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8977","article-title":"Evaluating a preventive biological control agent applied on grapevines against Botrytis cinerea and its influence on winemaking","volume":"98","author":"Portu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00025","article-title":"Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 counteracts Botryosphaeria dieback in grapevine, triggering immune responses and detoxification of fungal phytotoxins","volume":"10","author":"Courteaux","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nifakos, K., Tsalgatidou, P.C., Thomloudi, E.-E., Skagia, A., Kotopoulis, D., Baira, E., Delis, C., Papadimitriou, K., Markellou, E., and Venieraki, A. (2021). Genomic analysis and secondary metabolites production of the endophytic Bacillus velezensis Bvel1: A biocontrol agent against Botrytis cinerea causing bunch rot in post-harvest table grapes. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10081716"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bustamante, M.I., Elfar, K., and Eskalen, A. (2022). Evaluation of the antifungal activity of endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria against grapevine trunk pathogens. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10102035"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.009126-0","article-title":"Phylogeny and Molecular Taxonomy of the Bacillus subtilis Species Complex and Description of Bacillus subtilis Subsp","volume":"59","author":"Rooney","year":"2009","journal-title":"inaquosorum Subsp. Nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00022","article-title":"Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus velezensis, and Bacillus siamensis Form an \u201cOperational Group B. amyloliquefaciens\u201d within the B. subtilis Species Complex","volume":"8","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"78","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of Bacillus subtilis and related taxa based on partial gyrA gene sequences","volume":"2","author":"Chun","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek J. Microbiol. Serol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, B., Chen, D., Jin, R., Li, E., and Li, P. (2022). Bioactivities evaluation of an endophytic bacterial strain Bacillus velezensis JRX-YG39 inhabiting wild grape. BMC Microbiol., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-022-02584-0"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Liang, L., Shao, H., Ye, X., Yang, X., Chen, X., Shi, Y., Zhang, L., Xu, L., and Wang, J. (2022). Isolation of the novel Strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens F9 and identification of lipopeptide extract components responsible for activity against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11030457"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, P., Xie, G., Wang, L., and Xing, Y. (2022). Bacillus velezensis BY6 promotes growth of poplar and improves resistance contributing to the biocontrol of Armillaria solidipes. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10122472"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, H.F.A., Seleiman, M.F., Al-Saif, A.M., Alshiekheid, M.A., Battaglia, M.L., and Taha, R.S. (2021). Biological control of celery powdery mildew disease caused by Erysiphe heraclei DC in vitro and in vivo conditions. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10112342"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Huang, X., Hou, Y., Xia, X., Zhu, Z., Huang, A., Feng, S., Li, P., Shi, L., and Dong, P. (2023). Isolation and screening of antagonistic endophytes against Phytophthora infestans and preliminary exploration on anti-oomycete mechanism of Bacillus velezensis 6-5. Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12040909"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong, S., Kim, T.Y., Won, S.-J., Moon, J.-H., Ajuna, H.B., Kim, K.Y., and Ahn, Y.S. (2022). Control of fungal diseases and fruit yield improvement of strawberry using Bacillus velezensis CE 100. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10020365"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9122511","article-title":"Mining the genome of Bacillus velezensis VB7 (CP047587) for MAMP genes and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase gene clusters conferring antiviral and antifungal activity","volume":"9","author":"Saravanan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2013.10.004","article-title":"Combination of hot water, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HF-01 and sodium bicarbonate treatments to control postharvest decay of mandarin fruit","volume":"88","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"641","article-title":"Bacterial strains involved in soilborne phytopathogens inhibition","volume":"64","author":"Cornea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Papers. Ser. A Agronomy"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6941.12319","article-title":"Role of 2-hexyl, 5-propyl resorcinol production by Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1606 in the multitrophic interactions in the avocado rhizosphere during the biocontrol process","volume":"89","author":"Cazorla","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01056","article-title":"Biocide effects of volatile organic compounds produced by potential biocontrol rhizobacteria on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum","volume":"6","author":"Giorgio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_82","unstructured":"Carro, L., and Men\u00e9ndez, E. (2020). Molecular Aspects of Plant Beneficial Microbes in Agriculture, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01360","article-title":"Isolation and identification of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from cucumber rhizosphere and their effect on plant growth promotion and disease suppression","volume":"6","author":"Islam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706990","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.706990","article-title":"1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase-producing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria improve drought stress tolerance in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)","volume":"12","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3663","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.10.3663-3668.1998","article-title":"A plant growth-promoting bacterium that decreases nickel toxicity in seedlings","volume":"64","author":"Burd","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1139\/w01-062","article-title":"Characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria isolated from polluted soils and containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase","volume":"47","author":"Belimov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01506","article-title":"ACC deaminase producing bacteria with multifarious plant growth promoting traits alleviates salinity stress in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants","volume":"10","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.3934\/microbiol.2017.3.689","article-title":"Chitinase-producing bacteria and their role in biocontrol","volume":"3","author":"Veliz","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIMS Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amaresan, N., Patel, P., and Amin, D. (2022). Practical Handbook on Agricultural Microbiology, Humana. Springer Protocols Handbooks.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1724-3"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.4.1685-1693.2005","article-title":"Endophytic colonization of Vitis vinifera L. by plant growth-promoting bacterium Burkholderia sp. strain PsJN","volume":"71","author":"Compant","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12187","article-title":"The xylan utilization system of the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris controls epiphytic life and reveals common features with oligotrophic bacteria and animal gut symbionts","volume":"198","author":"Boulanger","year":"2013","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00924","article-title":"Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of endophytic bacterial populations from Chinese traditional medicinal plant licorice and characterization of the bioactive secondary metabolites produced by Bacillus atrophaeus against Verticillium dahliae","volume":"9","author":"Mohamad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehta, S., Chakraborty, A., Roy, A., Singh, I.K., and Singh, A. (2021). Fight Hard or Die Trying: Current Status of Lipid Signaling during Plant\u2013Pathogen Interaction. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10061098"},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"1562","article-title":"Structures of bacterial biosynthetic arginine decarboxylases","volume":"F66","author":"Forouhar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Cryst."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3906\/bot-1706-51","article-title":"Plant growth promoting properties of phosphate solubilizing Bacillus species isolated from the Aegean Region of Turkey","volume":"42","author":"Bahadir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turk. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-016-3019-6","article-title":"Root-Associated Bacteria Promote Grapevine Growth: From the Laboratory to the Field","volume":"410","author":"Rolli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.649694","article-title":"In planta activity of novel copper(II) based formulations to inhibit the Esca-associated fungus Phaeoacremonium minimum in grapevine propagation material","volume":"12","author":"Battiston","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mondello, V., Lema\u00eetre-Guillier, C., Trotel-Aziz, P., Gougeon, R., Acedo, A., Schmitt-Kopplin, P., Adrian, M., Pinto, C., Fernandez, O., and Fontaine, F. (2022). Assessment of a new copper-based formulation to control Esca disease in field and study on its impact on the vine microbiome, vine physiology and enological parameters of the juice. J. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8020151"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-01-11-0025","article-title":"Fungal trunk pathogens in the grapevine propagation process: Potential inoculum sources, detection, identification, and management strategies","volume":"95","author":"Gramaje","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00660","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.660","article-title":"Influence of agro-environmental pollutants on a biocontrol strain of Bacillus velezensis","volume":"8","author":"Manczinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol. Open"},{"key":"ref_101","first-page":"609","article-title":"Selected plant protection Bacillus strains increase food safeness by inhibiting human pathogenic bacteria","volume":"40","author":"Toma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rom. Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2022.104889","article-title":"A novel quorum quencher, Rhodococcus pyridinivorans XN-36, is a powerful agent for the biocontrol of soft rot disease in various host plants","volume":"169","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Control"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","article-title":"MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms","volume":"35","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"37","article-title":"Computer-aided objective comparison of electrophoresis patterns for grouping and identification of microorganisms","volume":"1","author":"Vauterin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, X., Xu, R., Zhao, N., Wang, D., Cun, M., and Yang, B. (2022). Isolation, Identification, and characterization of endophytic Bacillus from walnut (Juglans sigillata) root and its biocontrol effects onwalnut anthracnose. Agriculture, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture12122102"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12214","article-title":"Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum strains as potential protective starter cultures for the production of Bikalga, an alkaline fermented food","volume":"115","author":"Nielsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-009-2176-4","article-title":"New approach for the detection of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes in Bacillus strains by polymerase chain reaction","volume":"85","author":"Tapi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-008-1520-4","article-title":"Isolation and partial characterization of Bacillus subtilis ME488 for suppression of soilborne pathogens of cucumber and pepper","volume":"80","author":"Chung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR2014.7322","article-title":"Identification of antifungal antibiotics genes of Bacillus species isolated from different microhabitats using polymerase chain reaction","volume":"9","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Afr. J. Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-022-01933-4","article-title":"Metabolites derived from fungi and bacteria suppress in vitro growth of Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi, a major threat to the global chestnut","volume":"18","author":"Callahan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071693","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.1071693","article-title":"A novel bacterial strain Burkholderia sp. F25 capable of degrading diffusible signal factor signal shows strong biocontrol potential","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2010.02084.x","article-title":"Screening, identification and evaluation of potential biocontrol fungal endophytes against Rhizoctonia solani AG3 on potato plants","volume":"311","author":"Lahlali","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.75.5.592-603.1958","article-title":"Experiments with some microorganisms which utilize ethane and hydrogen","volume":"75","author":"Dworkin","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_114","first-page":"124","article-title":"Enzymatic and genetic variability in Bacillus spp. strains with plant beneficial qualities","volume":"IV","author":"Sicuia","year":"2015","journal-title":"AgroLife Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_115","unstructured":"Agrawal, T., and Kotasthane, A.S. (2009). Methods of Molecular Identification and lab. Protocols, International Subcommission on Trichoderma and Hypocrea Taxonomy (ISTH). Available online: http:\/\/www.isth.info\/methods\/method.php."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.5505\/tjb.2014.26817","article-title":"Screening of phytate hydrolysis Bacillus sp. isolated from soil and optimization of the certain nutritional and physical parameters on the production of phytase","volume":"39","author":"Demirkan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Turk. J. Biochemistry. Scimago Press."},{"key":"ref_117","first-page":"254","article-title":"Evaluation of the capacity of different microorganisms to solubilize several compounds of phosphorous and zinc","volume":"XX","author":"Dobre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Bull. Ser. F Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700340402","article-title":"A simple delicate and rapid method of detecting the formation of acetylmethylcarbinol by bacteria fermenting carbohydrates","volume":"34","year":"1931","journal-title":"J. Path. Bact."}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/12\/13\/2553\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:06:20Z","timestamp":1760126780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/12\/13\/2553"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["plants12132553"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants12132553","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2223-7747","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]}}}