{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T14:19:17Z","timestamp":1762957157621,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda (CONACyT-Mexico)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["785364","SIP-2183","20220942","20230396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["785364","SIP-2183","20220942","20230396"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (IPN)","award":["785364","SIP-2183","20220942","20230396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["785364","SIP-2183","20220942","20230396"]}]},{"name":"BEIFI-IPN","award":["785364","SIP-2183","20220942","20230396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["785364","SIP-2183","20220942","20230396"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. is a shrub that belongs to the Rubiaceae family and is distributed throughout M\u00e9xico; it has been used for its antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. This work aimed to evaluate the protective effects of B. ternifolia root extracts on the blood-brain barrier and the positive regulation of cytokines IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1, and the characterization of compounds present in the dichloromethane (BtD) and hexane (BtH) extracts. Male ICR mice were orally administered with B. ternifolia extracts for 5 days before a single injection of LPS. Administration of BtH and BtD significantly decreased Evans blue leakage into brain tissue by 70% and 68%, respectively. Meloxicam (MX) decreased the concentration of IL-1\u03b2 by 39.6%; BtM by 53.9%; BtAq by 48.4%; BtD by 31.9%, and BtH by 37.7%. BtH was the only treatment that significantly decreased the concentration of IL-6 by 32.2%. The concentration of TNF-\u03b1 declined with each of the treatments. The chemical composition of BtD and BtH was characterized by GC\u2013MS, and the cyclic hexapeptide was identified by 13C, 1H NMR, and two-dimension techniques. In the BtD extract, seven compounds were found and in BtH 13 compounds were found. The methanolic (BtM) and aqueous (BtAq) extracts were not subjected to chemical analysis, because they did not show a significant difference in the BBB protection activity. Therefore, the results suggested that the extracts BtD and BtH protect the blood-brain barrier, maintaining stable its selective permeability, thereby preventing LPS from entering the brain tissue. Simultaneously, they modulate the production of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1. It is important to note that this research only evaluated the complete extracts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12142600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:47:35Z","timestamp":1688950055000},"page":"2600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cyclic Hexapeptide from Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. and Neuroprotective Effects of Root Extracts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2768-0566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yury Maritza Zapata","family":"Lopera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bi\u00f3ticos, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Yautepec 62730, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7479-9332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Trejo-Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bi\u00f3ticos, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Yautepec 62730, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3693-1670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manas\u00e9s","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Cortazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9056-3568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maribel","family":"Herrera-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2233-5958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Zamilpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0783-8274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"6042132","article-title":"Neural Plasticity during Aging","volume":"2019","author":"Lopera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Plats"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.03.001","article-title":"Targeting autophagy, oxidative stress, and ER stress for neurodegenerative disease treatment","volume":"345","author":"Esmaeili","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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