{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T07:21:31Z","timestamp":1776151291874,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia","award":["5526700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5526700"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia","award":["RSP2023R375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2023R375"]}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["5526700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5526700"]}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["RSP2023R375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2023R375"]}]},{"name":"University Putra Malaysia","award":["5526700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5526700"]}]},{"name":"University Putra Malaysia","award":["RSP2023R375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2023R375"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. (Acanthaceae) is revered for its medicinal properties. In vitro culture of medicinal plants has assisted in improving both the quantity and quality of their yield. The current study investigated the effects of different surface sterilization treatments, plant growth regulators (PGRs), and elicitors on culture establishment and axillary shoot multiplication of A. paniculata. Subsequently, the production of andrographolide in the in vitro plantlets was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The shoot-tip explant was successfully sterilized using 60% commercial bleach for 5 min of immersion with a 90% survival rate and 96.67% aseptic culture. The optimal PGR for shoot growth was 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 17.76 \u00b5M, supplemented into Murashige and Skoog (MS) media, producing 23.57 \u00b1 0.48 leaves, 7.33 \u00b1 0.10 shoots, and a 3.06 \u00b1 0.02 cm length of shoots. Subsequently, MS medium supplemented with 5 mg\/L chitosan produced 26.07 \u00b1 0.14 leaves, 8.33 \u00b1 0.07 shoots, and a 3.63 \u00b1 0.02 cm length of shoots. The highest andrographolide content was obtained using the plantlets harvested from 5 mg\/L chitosan with 2463.03 \u00b1 0.398 \u00b5g\/mL compared to the control (without elicitation) with 256.73 \u00b1 0.341 \u00b5g\/mL (859.39% increase). The results imply that the protocol for the shoot-tip culture of A. paniculata was developed, and that elicitation enhanced the herbage yield and the production of andrographolide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12162953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T11:09:44Z","timestamp":1692097784000},"page":"2953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Plant Growth Regulator- and Elicitor-Mediated Enhancement of Biomass and Andrographolide Production of Shoot Tip-Culture-Derived Plantlets of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. (Hempedu Bumi)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Aicah","family":"Patuhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Puteri Edaroyati Megat","family":"Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martini Mohammad","family":"Yusoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5174-8137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaser Hassan","family":"Dewir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Alsughayyir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, 75 B.S. Hood Rd, Starkville, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6074-8625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mansor","family":"Hakiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Sustainable Resources Management, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.15414\/jmbfs.2020.9.4.688-694","article-title":"Copper sulphate elicitation of optimized suspension culture of Andrographis paniculata Nees yields unprecedented level of andrographolide","volume":"9","author":"Dawande","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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