{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:02:46Z","timestamp":1787029366132,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CONACYT","award":["292474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["292474"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an excellent example of mass plant propagation. Due to its genetic variability and low somaclonal variation, coffee SE has become a model for in vitro propagation of woody species, as well as for large-scale production of vigorous plants that are advantageous to modern agriculture. The success of the large-scale propagation of an embryogenic system is dependent on the development, optimization, and transfer of complementary system technologies. In this study, two successful SE systems were combined with a SETIS\u2122 bioreactor immersion system to develop an efficient and cost-effective approach for the in vitro development of somatic embryos of Coffea spp. This study used an efficient protocol for obtaining somatic embryos, utilizing direct and indirect SE for both C. canephora and C. arabica. Embryos in the cotyledonary stage were deposited in a bioreactor to complete their stage of development from embryo to plant with minimal manipulation. Following ten weeks of cultivation in the bioreactor, complete and vigorous plants were obtained. Different parameters such as fresh weight, length, number of leaves, and root length, as well as stomatal index and relative water content, were recorded. In addition, the survival rate and ex vitro development of plantlets during acclimatization was assessed. The best substrate combination was garden soil (GS), peat moss (PM), and agrolite (A) in a 1:1:0.5 ratio, in which the bioreactor-regenerated plants showed an acclimatization rate greater than 90%. This is the first report on the use of SETIS\u2122 bioreactors for the in vitro development of somatic embryos in Coffea spp., providing a technology that could be utilized for the commercial in vitro propagation of coffee plants. A link between research and innovation is necessary to establish means of communication that facilitate technology transfer. This protocol can serve as a basis for the generation and scaling of different species of agroeconomic importance. However, other bottlenecks in the production chains and the field must be addressed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12173055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T08:33:09Z","timestamp":1692952389000},"page":"3055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["In Vitro Conversion of Coffea spp. Somatic Embryos in SETIS\u2122 Bioreactor System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6152-5060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"M\u00e9ndez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Yucatan Scientific Research Center, Street 43, No.130 x 32 y 34, M\u00e9rida 97205, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Galaz-\u00c1valos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Yucatan Scientific Research Center, Street 43, No.130 x 32 y 34, M\u00e9rida 97205, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3686-134X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Quintana-Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Yucatan Scientific Research Center, Street 43, No.130 x 32 y 34, M\u00e9rida 97205, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Pech-Hoil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Yucatan Scientific Research Center, Street 43, No.130 x 32 y 34, M\u00e9rida 97205, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Coll\u00ed-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yucatan Science and Technology Park, Carretera Sierra Papacal\u2014Chuburna Puerto, Km. 5.5, Sierra Papacal 97302, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itzamn\u00e1","family":"Salas-Peraza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yucatan Science and Technology Park, Carretera Sierra Papacal\u2014Chuburna Puerto, Km. 5.5, Sierra Papacal 97302, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5386-4265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Loyola-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Yucatan Scientific Research Center, Street 43, No.130 x 32 y 34, M\u00e9rida 97205, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1255274","article-title":"The coffee genome provides insight into the convergent evolution of caffeine biosynthesis","volume":"345","author":"Denoeud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s004380050965","article-title":"Molecular characterisation and origin of the Coffea arabica L. genome","volume":"261","author":"Lashermes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. 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