{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T02:21:23Z","timestamp":1768443683119,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, bulb extracts of Tigridia vanhouttei were obtained by maceration with solvents of increasing polarity. The extracts were evaluated against a panel of pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains using the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was tested against two cell lines (THP-1 and A549) using the MTT assay. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was evaluated in THP-1 cells by measuring the secretion of pro-inflammatory (IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines by ELISA. The chemical composition of the extracts was recorded by FTIR spectroscopy, and their chemical profiles were evaluated using GC-MS. The results revealed that only hexane extract inhibited the growth of the clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 200 \u03bcg\/mL. Against THP-1 cells, hexane and chloroform extracts were moderately cytotoxic, as they exhibited LC50 values of 90.16, and 46.42 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively. Treatment with methanol extract was weakly cytotoxic at LC50 443.12 \u03bcg\/mL against the same cell line. Against the A549 cell line, hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts were weakly cytotoxic because of their LC50 values: 294.77, 1472.37, and 843.12 \u03bcg\/mL. The FTIR analysis suggested the presence of natural products were confirmed by carboxylic acids, ketones, hydroxyl groups, or esters. The GC-MS profile of extracts revealed the presence of phytosterols, tetracyclic triterpenes, multiple fatty acids, and sugars. This report confirms the antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities of T. vanhouttei.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12173136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T11:33:25Z","timestamp":1693481605000},"page":"3136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Tigridia vanhouttei Extracts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8252-5211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge L.","family":"Mej\u00eda-M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Phytochemistry Research, Chemical Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina M\u00e1rtir S\/N, San Andr\u00e9s Cholula 72810, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Lorenzo-Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7740-9299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Horacio","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1681-2885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar R.","family":"L\u00f3pez-Mena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. Gral. Ram\u00f3n Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo M\u00e9xico, Zapopan 45121, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6810-8032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego E.","family":"Navarro-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. Gral. Ram\u00f3n Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo M\u00e9xico, Zapopan 45121, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3877-1244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis R.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Phytochemistry Research, Chemical Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina M\u00e1rtir S\/N, San Andr\u00e9s Cholula 72810, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6741-8490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaida N.","family":"Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Area, Deanship of Biological Sciences, Universidad Popular Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Puebla, 21 Sur 1103 Barrio Santiago, Puebla 72410, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8709-7631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenio","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Arreola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Phytochemistry Research, Chemical Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. 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