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Therefore, in vitro techniques are an attractive option for clonal propagation, especially of hermaphroditic plants. Here, we performed a temporal analysis of the proteome of C. papaya calli aiming to identify the key players involved in embryogenic callus formation. Mature zygotic embryos used as explants were treated with 20 \u03bcM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid to induce embryogenic callus. Total proteins were extracted from explants at 0 (zygotic embryo) and after 7, 14, and 21 days of induction. A total of 1407 proteins were identified using a bottom-up proteomic approach. The clustering analysis revealed four distinct patterns of protein accumulation throughout callus induction. Proteins related to seed maturation and storage are abundant in the explant before induction, decreasing as callus formation progresses. Carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms, aerobic respiration, and protein catabolic processes were enriched throughout days of callus induction. Protein kinases associated with auxin responses, such as SKP1-like proteins 1B, accumulated in response to callus induction. Additionally, regulatory proteins, including histone deacetylase (HD2C) and argonaute 1 (AGO1), were more abundant at 7 days, suggesting their role in the acquisition of embryogenic competence. Predicted protein\u2013protein networks revealed the regulatory role of proteins 14-3-3 accumulated during callus induction and the association of proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation and hormone response. Our findings emphasize the modulation of the proteome during embryogenic callus initiation and identify regulatory proteins that might be involved in the activation of this process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12223891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T07:33:18Z","timestamp":1700292798000},"page":"3891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Time-Dependent Proteomic Signatures Associated with Embryogenic Callus Induction in Carica papaya L."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2861-8385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Rodrigues","family":"Xavier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Gen\u00f4mica e Prote\u00f4mica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caio Cezar Guedes","family":"Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Gen\u00f4mica e Prote\u00f4mica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6528-6703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta Pena","family":"da Paschoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Gen\u00f4mica e Prote\u00f4mica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4697-835X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina da Silva","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Gen\u00f4mica e Prote\u00f4mica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Dastan Rezabala","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Gen\u00f4mica e Prote\u00f4mica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas do Espirito Santo","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Gen\u00f4mica e Prote\u00f4mica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara Cardoso","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Gen\u00f4mica e Prote\u00f4mica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"La\u00eds dos Santos","family":"da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Gen\u00f4mica e Prote\u00f4mica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vitor Batista","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudete","family":"Santa-Catarina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, 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