{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T22:46:09Z","timestamp":1778539569551,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The potential of the essential oils from aromatic plants for medical use and food preservation","award":["APVV-20-0058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-20-0058"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the growing issues of food spoilage, microbial resistance, and high mortality caused by cancer, the aim of this study was to evaluate T. zygis essential oil (TZEO) as a potential solution for these challenges. Here, we first performed GC\/MS analysis which showed that the tested TZEO belongs to the linalool chemotype since the abundance of linalool was found to be 38.0%. Antioxidant activity assays showed the superiority of TZEO in neutralizing the ABTS radical cation compared to the DPPH radical. The TZEO was able to neutralize 50% of ABTS\u2022+ at the concentration of 53.03 \u00b1 1.34 \u03bcg\/mL. Antimicrobial assessment performed by employing disc diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration assays revealed TZEO as a potent antimicrobial agent with the highest inhibition activity towards tested gram-negative strains. The most sensitive on the treatment with TZEO was Enterobacter aerogenes showing an MIC 50 value of 0.147 \u00b1 0.006 mg\/mL and a MIC 90 value of 0.158 \u00b1 0.024 mg\/mL. Additionally, an in situ analysis showed great effects of TZEO in inhibiting gram-negative E. coli, P. putida, and E. aerogenes growing on bananas and cucumbers. Treatment with the TZEO vapor phase in the concentration of 500 \u03bcg\/mL was able to reduce the growth of these bacteria on the food models to the extent &gt; 90%, except for E. coli growth on the cucumber, which was reduced to the extent of 83.87 \u00b1 4.76%. Furthermore, a test on the antibiofilm activity of the tested essential oil revealed its biofilm prevention effects against Salmonella enterica which forms biofilms on plastic and stainless-steel surfaces. Performed tests on the TZEO effects towards cell viability showed no effects on the normal MRC-5 cell line. However, the results of MTT assay of TZEO effects on three cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, HCT-116, and K562) suggest that TZEO exerted the strongest effects on the inhibition of the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells, especially after long-term treatment in the highest concentration applied with reducing the viability of the cells to 57%. Additionally, results of NBT and Griess assays suggest that TZEO could be a convenient candidate for future testing for developing novel antitumor therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12233920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T12:12:13Z","timestamp":1700568733000},"page":"3920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Thymus zygis, Valuable Antimicrobial (In Vitro and In Situ) and Antibiofilm Agent with Potential Antiproliferative Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7222-7245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena D.","family":"Vuki\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"},{"name":"Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4419-0590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"\u010cmikov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3837-5532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anis Ben","family":"Hsouna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P \u201c1177\u201d, Sfax 3018, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0559-0911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rania Ben","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P \u201c1177\u201d, Sfax 3018, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8535-0533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Garzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University, P. le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Schwarzov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4382-9743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nenad L.","family":"Vukovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6372-1062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana D.","family":"Obradovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milo\u0161 M.","family":"Mati\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo\u017cena","family":"Waszkiewicz-Robak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01 043 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maciej Ireneusz","family":"Kluz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01 043 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4460-0222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslava","family":"Ka\u010d\u00e1niov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. 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