{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:42:24Z","timestamp":1791999744120,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University","award":["QNTD202305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QNTD202305"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University","award":["2022BBF01001-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022BBF01001-02"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University","award":["2021BEF02005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021BEF02005"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia","award":["QNTD202305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QNTD202305"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia","award":["2022BBF01001-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022BBF01001-02"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia","award":["2021BEF02005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021BEF02005"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia","award":["QNTD202305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QNTD202305"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia","award":["2022BBF01001-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022BBF01001-02"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia","award":["2021BEF02005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021BEF02005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lycium chinense, a type of medicinal and edible plant, is rich in bioactive compounds beneficial to human health. In order to meet the market requirements for the yield and quality of L. chinense, polyploid induction is usually an effective way to increase plant biomass and improve the content of bioactive components. This study established the most effective tetraploid induction protocol by assessing various preculture durations, colchicine concentrations, and exposure times. The peak tetraploid induction efficacy, 18.2%, was achieved with a 12-day preculture and 24-h exposure to 50 mg L\u20131 colchicine. Compared to diploids, tetraploids exhibited potentially advantageous characteristics such as larger leaves, more robust stems, and faster growth rates. Physiologically, tetraploids demonstrated increased stomatal size and chloroplast count in stomata but reduced stomatal density. Nutrient analysis revealed a substantial increase in polysaccharides, calcium, iron, and zinc in tetraploid leaves. In addition, seventeen carotenoids were identified in the leaves of L. chinense. Compared to the diploid, lutein, \u03b2-carotene, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, and (E\/Z)-phytoene exhibited higher levels in tetraploid strains T39 and T1, with T39 demonstrating a greater accumulation than T1. The findings suggest that the generated tetraploids harbor potential for further exploitation and lay the foundation for the selection and breeding of novel genetic resources of Lycium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13030439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T09:42:32Z","timestamp":1706866952000},"page":"439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Chromosome Doubling Enhances Biomass and Carotenoid Content in Lycium chinense"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9949-8361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Runan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shupei","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5296-3202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuchang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingzhi","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7223-3215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinhuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2007.01.058","article-title":"Effects of Chinese wolfberry (Lycium chinense P. 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