{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T06:33:49Z","timestamp":1769927629094,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":215,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A significant threat to the ongoing rise in temperature caused by global warming. Plants have many stress-resistance mechanisms, which is responsible for maintaining plant homeostasis. Abiotic stresses largely increase gaseous molecules\u2019 synthesis in plants. The study of gaseous signaling molecules has gained attention in recent years. The role of gaseous molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), and ethylene, in plants under temperature high-temperature stress are discussed in the current review. Recent studies revealed the critical function that gaseous molecules play in controlling plant growth and development and their ability to respond to various abiotic stresses. Here, we provide a thorough overview of current advancements that prevent heat stress-related plant damage via gaseous molecules. We also explored and discussed the interaction of gaseous molecules. In addition, we provided an overview of the role played by gaseous molecules in high-temperature stress responses, along with a discussion of the knowledge gaps and how this may affect the development of high-temperature-resistant plant species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13060791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T07:25:32Z","timestamp":1710141932000},"page":"791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Appraisal of the Role of Gaseous Signaling Molecules in Thermo-Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4476-5676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harsha","family":"Gautam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheen","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Nidhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0305-308X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano","family":"Sofo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment, Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), University of Basilicata, 75100 Matera, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7957-5832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nafees A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.12701","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms governing plant responses to high temperatures","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Integr. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.13151","article-title":"High temperatures modify plant responses to abiotic stress conditions","volume":"170","author":"Zandalinas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Stocker, T.F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., and Allen, S.K. (2013). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Cambridge University Press. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Gruissem, W., Buchannan, B.B., and Jones, R.L. (2000). Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants, American Society of Plant Physiologists."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azhar, M.T., Wani, S., Chaudhary, M., Jameel, T., Kaur, P., and Du, X. (2020). Heat Tolerance in Cotton: Morphological, Physiological, and Genetic Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119432401.ch1"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9643","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14059643","article-title":"Physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance in plants","volume":"14","author":"Hasanuzzaman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2007.05.011","article-title":"Heat tolerance in plants: An overview","volume":"61","author":"Wahid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2015.11.003","article-title":"Chemical priming of plants against multiple abiotic stresses: Mission possible?","volume":"21","author":"Savvides","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2014.12.001","article-title":"Exogenous glutathione confers high temperature stress tolerance in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) by modulating antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal detoxification system","volume":"112","author":"Nahar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.01582","article-title":"Nitric oxide (NO) in plant heat stress tolerance: Current knowledge and perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Parankusam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2014.08.011","article-title":"The role of carbon monoxide signaling in the responses of plants to abiotic stresses","volume":"42","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"572","article-title":"Carbon monoxide as a signaling molecule in plants","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.3103\/S0095452719050098","article-title":"Gasotransmitters and their role in adaptive reactions of plant cells","volume":"53","author":"Kolupaev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cytol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, Y., Yang, Y., Li, C., Huang, D., Zhang, J., Wang, C., and Liao, W. (2019). Research progress on the functions of gasotransmitters in plant responses to abiotic stresses. Plants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants8120605"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e991577","DOI":"10.4161\/15592324.2014.991577","article-title":"Improved abiotic stress tolerance of bermudagrass by exogenous small molecules","volume":"10","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s11248-012-9666-3","article-title":"The polyamine spermine protects Arabidopsis from heat stress-induced damage by increasing expression of heat shock-related genes","volume":"22","author":"Sagor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transgenic Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-020-10293-z","article-title":"Insights into the role of gasotransmitters mediating salt stress responses in plants","volume":"40","author":"Karle","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e187433152207050","DOI":"10.2174\/18743315-v16-e2207050","article-title":"Gasotransmitters in Plants: Mechanisms of Participation in Adaptive Responses","volume":"16","author":"Kolupaev","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Agric."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-019-02478-y","article-title":"The role of methane in plant physiology: A review","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01517","article-title":"Ethylene-induced hydrogen sulfide negatively regulates ethylene biosynthesis by persulfidation of ACO in tomato under osmotic stress","volume":"9","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1134\/S1021443713060149","article-title":"Involvement of nitric oxide in acquired thermotolerance of rice seedlings","volume":"60","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Russ. J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01739","article-title":"Elevated CO2 improves photosynthesis under high temperature by attenuating the functional limitations to energy fluxes, electron transport and redox homeostasis in tomato leaves","volume":"9","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s10535-016-0612-8","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide as a signal molecule in hematin-induced heat tolerance of tobacco cell suspension","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01558","article-title":"Proteomics of heat-stress and ethylene-mediated thermotolerance mechanisms in tomato pollen grains","volume":"9","author":"Jegadeesan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2012.12.018","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide donor sodium hydrosulfide-improved heat tolerance in maize and involvement of proline","volume":"170","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.2478\/s11756-014-0396-2","article-title":"Effect of pretreatment with hydrogen sulfide donor sodium hydrosulfide on heat tolerance in relation to antioxidant system in maize (Zea mays) seedlings","volume":"69","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biologia"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"7594","article-title":"Elevated CO2 modulates the effect of heat stress responses in Triticum aestivum by differential expression of an isoflavone reductase-like gene","volume":"72","author":"Shokat","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"675","article-title":"Ethylene involvement in the regulation of heat stress tolerance in plants","volume":"41","author":"Nawaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"193","article-title":"Interactive effects of temperature and UVB radiation on methane emissions from different organs of pea plants grown in hydroponic system","volume":"166","author":"Abdulmajeed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Photochem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/err460","article-title":"Drought, salt, and temperature stress-induced metabolic rearrangements and regulatory networks","volume":"63","author":"Krasensky","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erp164","article-title":"Identifying target traits and molecular mechanisms for wheat breeding under a changing climate","volume":"60","author":"Semenov","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, R. (2018). Gasotransmitters, The Royal Society of Chemistry.","DOI":"10.1039\/9781788013000"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-017-0040-z","article-title":"Methane enhances aluminum resistance in alfalfa seedlings by reducing aluminum accumulation and reestablishing redox homeostasis","volume":"30","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biometals J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-017-3335-5","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide mediates ion fluxes inducing stomatal closure in response to drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"419","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Soil."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gep.2018.10.002","article-title":"Analysis of Brassica napus dehydrins and their Co-Expression regulatory networks in relation to cold stress","volume":"31","author":"Maryan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gene Expr. Patterns"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.07.055","article-title":"Linking hydrogen-enhanced rice aluminum tolerance with the reestablishment of GA\/ABA balance and miRNA-modulated gene expression: A case study on germination","volume":"145","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40529-019-0272-z","article-title":"Ethylene-mediated signaling confers thermotolerance and regulates transcript levels of heat shock factors in rice seedlings under heat stress","volume":"60","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bot. Stud."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-022-10737-8","article-title":"Ethylene-and proline-dependent regulation of antioxidant enzymes to mitigate heat stress and boost photosynthetic efficacy in wheat plants","volume":"42","author":"Sehar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gautam, H., Fatma, M., Sehar, Z., Mir, I.R., and Khan, N.A. (2022). Hydrogen sulfide, ethylene, and nitric oxide regulate redox homeostasis and protect photosynthetic metabolism under high temperature stress in rice plants. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11081478"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-022-01835-1","article-title":"Myo-inositol phosphate synthase improves heat stress tolerance by ethylene-mediated modulation of chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency","volume":"206","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iqbal, N., Umar, S., Khan, N.A., and Corpas, F.J. (2021). Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide coordinately reduce glucose sensitivity and decrease oxidative stress via ascorbate-glutathione cycle in heat-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10010108"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1080\/14620316.2021.1927206","article-title":"Nitric oxide induced thermotolerance in strawberry plants by activation of antioxidant systems and transcriptional regulation of heat shock proteins","volume":"96","author":"Manafi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"129","article-title":"Presoaking with nitric oxide donor SNP alleviates heat shock damages in mung bean leaf discs","volume":"47","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bot. Stud."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1007\/s12298-021-01098-9","article-title":"Nitric oxide secures reproductive efficiency in heat-stressed lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) plants by enhancing the photosynthetic ability to improve yield traits","volume":"27","author":"Sita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(16)61358-8","article-title":"Foliar application of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor, can protect seedlings against heat stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","volume":"15","author":"Min","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2011.10.006","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide donor sodium hydrosulfide-induced heat tolerance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) suspension cultured cells and involvement of Ca2+ and calmodulin","volume":"185","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s40415-014-0106-x","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide donor sodium hydrosulfide-induced accumulation of betaine is involved in the acquisition of heat tolerance in maize seedlings","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Braz. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.12211","article-title":"Carbon dioxide enrichment alleviates heat stress by improving cellular redox homeostasis through an ABA-independent process in tomato plants","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1007\/s12298-021-01080-5","article-title":"Elevated carbon dioxide offers promise for wheat adaptation to heat stress by adjusting carbohydrate metabolism","volume":"27","author":"Ulfat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.1993.tb00505.x","article-title":"Interactive effects of high temperature and elevated carbon dioxide concentration on cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]","volume":"16","author":"Ahmed","year":"1993","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.01506","article-title":"Metabolic pathways involved in carbon dioxide enhanced heat tolerance in Bermudagrass","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1134\/S1021443721040166","article-title":"Involvement of nitrate reductase and nitric oxide (NO) in implementation of the stress-protective action of a carbon monoxide (CO) donor on wheat seedlings under hyperthermy","volume":"68","author":"Shkliarevskyi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Russ. J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-007-0013-5","article-title":"Regulation of ethylene biosynthesis","volume":"26","author":"Argueso","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.16873","article-title":"The regulation of ethylene biosynthesis: A complex multilevel control circuitry","volume":"229","author":"Pattyn","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"19","article-title":"Early Events in the Ethylene Biosynthetic Pathway\u2013Regulation of the Pools of Methionine and S-Adenosylmethionine","volume":"44","author":"Sauter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Plant Rev. Vol. 44 Plant Horm. Ethyl."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S131","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.001768","article-title":"Ethylene biosynthesis and signaling networks","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.1.170","article-title":"Ethylene biosynthesis: Identification of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid as an intermediate in the conversion of methionine to ethylene","volume":"76","author":"Adams","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00454455","article-title":"Assay for and enzymatic formation of an ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid","volume":"145","author":"Boller","year":"1979","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7434","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.16.7434","article-title":"Identification of a tomato gene for the ethylene-forming enzyme by expression in yeast","volume":"88","author":"Hamilton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(91)85241-Q","article-title":"Complete recovery in vitro of ethylene-forming enzyme activity","volume":"30","author":"Ververidis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.88.2.473","article-title":"Cyanide metabolism in relation to ethylene production in plant tissues","volume":"88","author":"Yip","year":"1988","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.123.3.1163","article-title":"\u03b2-Cyanoalanine synthase is a mitochondrial cysteine synthase-like protein in spinach and Arabidopsis","volume":"123","author":"Hatzfeld","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782051","DOI":"10.1080\/15592324.2020.1782051","article-title":"A brief appraisal of ethylene signaling under abiotic stress in plants","volume":"15","author":"Husain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jespersen, D., Yu, J., and Huang, B. (2015). Metabolite responses to exogenous application of nitrogen, cytokinin, and ethylene inhibitors in relation to heat-induced senescence in creeping bentgrass. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123744"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.113.221911","article-title":"The Arabidopsis ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 regulates abiotic stress-responsive gene expression by binding to different cis-acting elements in response to different stress signals","volume":"162","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"e200004","article-title":"Understanding the physiological and transcriptional mechanism of reproductive stage soybean in response to heat stress","volume":"2","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crop Breed. Genet. Genom."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3891","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erp234","article-title":"Transcriptional profiling of maturing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) microspores reveals the involvement of heat shock proteins, ROS scavengers, hormones, and sugars in the heat stress response","volume":"60","author":"Frank","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-019-03192-5","article-title":"Role of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in elevated CO2-induced heat stress response in tomato","volume":"250","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.010320","article-title":"Protection against heat stress-induced oxidative damage in Arabidopsis involves calcium, abscisic acid, ethylene, and salicylic acid","volume":"128","author":"Larkindale","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.105.062257","article-title":"Heat stress phenotypes of Arabidopsis mutants implicate multiple signaling pathways in the acquisition of thermotolerance","volume":"138","author":"Larkindale","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2008.07.0441","article-title":"Effects of foliar-applied ethylene inhibitor and synthetic cytokinin on creeping bentgrass to enhance heat tolerance","volume":"49","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roychoudhury, A., and Tripathi, D. (2019). Molecular Plant Abiotic Stress: Biology and Biotechnology, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119463665"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1078\/0176-1617-00845","article-title":"Glycinebetaine protects the D1\/D2\/Cytb559 complex of photosystem II against photo-induced and heat-induced inactivation","volume":"160","author":"Allakhverdiev","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.111.175810","article-title":"Proline accumulation is inhibitory to Arabidopsis seedlings during heat stress","volume":"156","author":"Lv","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41438-021-00478-2","article-title":"Melatonin alters the secondary metabolite profile of grape berry skin by promoting VvMYB14-mediated ethylene biosynthesis","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hortic. Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.113.233528","article-title":"Ethylene-induced flavonol accumulation in guard cells suppresses reactive oxygen species and moderates stomatal aperture","volume":"164","author":"Watkins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2018.07.012","article-title":"Ethylene receptors and related proteins in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits","volume":"276","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564917","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.564917","article-title":"Sugar signaling during fruit ripening","volume":"11","author":"Pott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.30848\/PJB2020-2(24)","article-title":"Role of sugars, amino acids and organic acids in improving plant abiotic stress tolerance","volume":"52","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.4.5.8294","article-title":"Soluble sugars: Metabolism, sensing and abiotic stress: A complex network in the life of plants","volume":"4","author":"Rosa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"43","article-title":"Effects of ethylene on carbohydrate metabolism and enzyme activities in postharvest ripening jackfruit","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Agric. Univ. Jiangxiensis"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-012-9288-2","article-title":"The role of endogenous ethylene in carbohydrate metabolism of Medicago sativa L. somatic embryos in relation to their regenerative ability","volume":"32","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(14)60999-0","article-title":"Ethylene-inhibiting compound 1-MCP delays leaf senescence in cotton plants under abiotic stress conditions","volume":"14","author":"Yuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-019-09994-x","article-title":"Approaches in enhancing thermotolerance in plants: An updated review","volume":"39","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2008.01867.x","article-title":"Production of reactive species and modulation of antioxidant network in response to heat shock: A critical balance for cell fate","volume":"31","author":"Locato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2012.02.016","article-title":"ROS signaling as common element in low oxygen and heat stresses","volume":"59","author":"Pucciariello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2018.02.026","article-title":"H2O2 homeostasis in wild-type and ethylene-insensitive Never ripe tomato in response to salicylic acid treatment in normal photoperiod and in prolonged darkness","volume":"126","author":"Szalai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1078\/0176-1617-01239","article-title":"Thermotolerance and antioxidant systems in Agrostis stolonifera: Involvement of salicylic acid, abscisic acid, calcium, hydrogen peroxide, and ethylene","volume":"161","author":"Larkindale","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00008128","article-title":"Nitric oxide stimulates seed germination and de-etiolation, and inhibits hypocotyl elongation, three light-inducible responses in plants","volume":"210","author":"Beligni","year":"2000","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(99)01393-X","article-title":"An alternative pathway for nitric oxide production in plants: New features of an old enzyme","volume":"4","author":"Yamasaki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"346","article-title":"Nitric oxide implication in the control of seed dormancy and germination","volume":"4","author":"Arc","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2013.00425","article-title":"Nitric oxide in guard cells as an important secondary messenger during stomatal closure","volume":"4","author":"Gayatri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erj052","article-title":"NO way to live; the various roles of nitric oxide in plant\u2013pathogen interactions","volume":"57","author":"Mur","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.2.1.3644","article-title":"Signaling on the stigma: Potential new roles for ROS and NO in plant cell signaling","volume":"2","author":"Hiscock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.06.031","article-title":"Nitric oxide regulates protein methylation during stress responses in plants","volume":"67","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2019.09.006","article-title":"A forty year journey: The generation and roles of NO in plants","volume":"93","author":"Kolbert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2019.01.013","article-title":"The era of nitric oxide in plant biology: Twenty years tying up loose ends","volume":"85","author":"Nejamkin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3401","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erx420","article-title":"Nitric oxide production in plants: An update","volume":"69","author":"Astier","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2000.0708","article-title":"Nitrite\u2013dependent nitric oxide production pathway: Implications for involvement of active nitrogen species in photoinhibition in vivo","volume":"355","author":"Yamasaki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London. Ser. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.017822","article-title":"Apoplastic synthesis of nitric oxide by plant tissues","volume":"16","author":"Bethke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corpas, F.J., Del R\u00edo, L.A., and Palma, J.M. (2019). Impact of nitric oxide (NO) on the ROS metabolism of peroxisomes. Plants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants8020037"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ery119","article-title":"Interaction of nitric oxide with the components of the plant mitochondrial electron transport chain","volume":"69","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-012-0927-9","article-title":"Protective role of nitric oxide against arsenic-induced damages in germinating mung bean seeds","volume":"34","author":"Ismail","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gautam, H., Sehar, Z., Rehman, M.T., Hussain, A., AlAjmi, M.F., and Khan, N.A. (2021). Nitric oxide enhances photosynthetic nitrogen and sulfur-use efficiency and activity of ascorbate-glutathione cycle to reduce high temperature stress-induced oxidative stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11020305"},{"key":"ref_105","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Nitric oxide mitigates salt stress effects of pepper seedlings by altering nutrient uptake, enzyme activity and osmolyte accumulation","volume":"25","author":"Shams","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1134\/S1021443714060090","article-title":"Functional interaction between nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide during formation of wheat seedling induced heat resistance","volume":"62","author":"Karpets","year":"2015","journal-title":"Russ. J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2020.01.001","article-title":"Interactive role of salicylic acid and nitric oxide on transcriptional reprogramming for high temperature tolerance in Lablab purpureus L.: Structural and functional insights using computational approaches","volume":"309","author":"Rai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2018.11.016","article-title":"Nitric oxide triggered defense network in wheat: Augmenting tolerance and grain-quality related traits under heat-induced oxidative damage","volume":"158","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3040.2003.01101.x","article-title":"Nitric oxide production in tobacco leaf cells: A generalized stress response?","volume":"26","author":"Gould","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2008.08.005","article-title":"Nitric oxide mediates abscisic acid induced thermotolerance in the calluses from two ecotypes of reed under heat stress","volume":"175","author":"Song","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erm293","article-title":"Nitric oxide, stomatal closure, and abiotic stress","volume":"59","author":"Neill","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9452(02)00159-0","article-title":"Effects of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide on both salt and heat stress tolerance in rice","volume":"163","author":"Uchida","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.113.229369","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide acts upstream of nitric oxide in the heat shock pathway in Arabidopsis seedlings","volume":"164","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-013-9883-5","article-title":"Alleviation of heat damage to photosystem II by nitric oxide in tall fescue","volume":"116","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Photosyn. Res."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2013.02.010","article-title":"Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species regulate the accumulation of heat shock proteins in tomato leaves in response to heat shock and pathogen infection","volume":"207","author":"Lebeda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.110.160424","article-title":"Nitric oxide functions as a signal and acts upstream of AtCaM3 in thermotolerance in Arabidopsis seedlings","volume":"153","author":"Xuan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s10059-012-0213-0","article-title":"Constitutive expression of mammalian nitric oxide synthase in tobacco plants triggers disease resistance to pathogens","volume":"34","author":"Chun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cells"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2015.00977","article-title":"Plant survival in a changing environment: The role of nitric oxide in plant responses to abiotic stress","volume":"6","author":"Simontacchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2018.06.012","article-title":"Nitric oxide-mediated cross-talk of proline and heat shock proteins induce thermotolerance in Vicia faba L.","volume":"161","author":"Alamri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sehar, Z., Mir, I.R., Khan, S., Masood, A., and Khan,  N.A. (2023). Nitric oxide and proline modulate redox homeostasis and photosynthetic metabolism in wheat plants under high temperature stress acclimation. Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12061256"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1134\/S1021443711030046","article-title":"Effect of nitric oxide on leaf non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence under heat-stress conditions","volume":"58","author":"Hossain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Russ. J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2018.7618","article-title":"Redox pioneer: Professor hideo kimura","volume":"30","author":"Lefer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16633","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902952106","article-title":"No facilitator required for membrane transport of hydrogen sulfide","volume":"106","author":"Mathai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20831","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20831","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide\u2014Mechanisms of toxicity and development of an antidote","volume":"6","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.00189","article-title":"Harnessing evolutionary toxins for signaling: Reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide in plant cell regulation","volume":"8","author":"Hancock","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4733","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erx352","article-title":"More than just an intermediate: Hydrogen sulfide signalling in plants","volume":"68","author":"Filipovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00277","article-title":"Gasotransmitters and stomatal closure: Is there redundancy, concerted action, or both?","volume":"7","author":"Scuffi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12733","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide signaling: Interactions with nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species","volume":"1365","author":"Hancock","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-018-0454-9","article-title":"Interaction between hydrogen sulfide and hormones in plant physiological responses","volume":"87","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2019.08.003","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide: A new warrior against abiotic stress","volume":"24","author":"Corpas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eraa093","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide: A multi-tasking signal molecule in the regulation of oxidative stress responses","volume":"71","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.13022","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide, a signaling molecule in plant stress responses","volume":"63","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Integr. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4251","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erz225","article-title":"Signaling by hydrogen sulfide and cyanide through post-translational modification","volume":"70","author":"Gotor","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-015-2038-x","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide: A versatile regulator of environmental stress in plants","volume":"38","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2018.08.034","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide and environmental stresses","volume":"161","author":"Hancock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.01173","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide-mediated polyamines and sugar changes are involved in hydrogen sulfide-induced drought tolerance in Spinacia oleracea seedlings","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_137","unstructured":"Fotopoulos, V., Christou, A., and Manganaris, G.A. (2014). Molecular Approaches in Plant Abiotic Stress, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.01621","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide: A signal molecule in plant cross-adaptation","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2017.01.001","article-title":"Nitric oxide-induced synthesis of hydrogen sulfide alleviates osmotic stress in wheat seedlings through sustaining antioxidant enzymes, osmolyte accumulation and cysteine homeostasis","volume":"68","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2012.10.017","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide interacting with abscisic acid in stomatal regulation responses to drought stress in Arabidopsis","volume":"62","author":"Jin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, M.N., AlZuaibr, F.M., Al-Huqail, A.A., Siddiqui, M.H., MAli, H., Al-Muwayhi, M.A., and Al-Haque, H.N. (2018). Hydrogen sulfide-mediated activation of O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase and L\/D-cysteine desulfhydrase enhance dehydration tolerance in Eruca sativa Mill. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19123981"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-017-2239-4","article-title":"Regulation of gaseous signaling molecules on proline metabolism in plants","volume":"37","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12157","article-title":"Is proline accumulation per se correlated with stress tolerance or is proline homeostasis a more critical issue?","volume":"37","author":"Kavikishor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_144","first-page":"189","article-title":"The effect of short-term H2S fumigation on water-soluble sulphydryl and glutathione levels in spinach","volume":"8","author":"Bosma","year":"1985","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1051278","DOI":"10.1080\/15592324.2015.1051278","article-title":"Synergistic effect of antioxidant system and osmolyte in hydrogen sulfide and salicylic acid crosstalk-induced heat tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christou, A., Filippou, P., Manganaris, G.A., and Fotopoulos, V. (2014). Sodium hydrosulfide induces systemic thermotolerance to strawberry plants through transcriptional regulation of heat shock proteins and aquaporin. BMC Plant Biol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2229-14-42"},{"key":"ref_147","unstructured":"IPCC Summary for policymakers (2014). In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects, Cambridge University Press. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2007.0726","article-title":"Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and plant biology: The overlooked paradigm","volume":"27","author":"Ziska","year":"2008","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3433","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03433","article-title":"Stimulated leaf dark respiration in tomato in an elevated carbon dioxide atmosphere","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2009.11.001","article-title":"Impacts of climate changes on crop physiology and food quality","volume":"43","author":"DaMatta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2007.01641.x","article-title":"The response of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to rising [CO2]: Mechanisms and environmental interactions","volume":"30","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3040.2000.00574.x","article-title":"Growth in elevated CO2 protects photosynthesis against high-temperature damage","volume":"23","author":"Taub","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2009.02003.x","article-title":"Exposure to preindustrial, current and future atmospheric CO2 and temperature differentially affects growth and photosynthesis in Eucalyptus","volume":"16","author":"Ghannoum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2009.01.003","article-title":"Stem juice production of the C4 sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is enhanced by growth at double-ambient CO2 and high temperature","volume":"166","author":"Vu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3843","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ers077","article-title":"Effect of elevated CO2 and high temperature on seed-set and grain quality of rice","volume":"63","author":"Madan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13088","article-title":"Long-term elevated air [CO2] strengthens photosynthetic functioning and mitigates the impact of supra-optimal temperatures in tropical Coffea arabica and C. canephora species","volume":"22","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2013.09.007","article-title":"Photosynthesis and protein metabolism associated with elevated CO2-mitigation of heat stress damages in tall fescue","volume":"99","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.2006.00804.x","article-title":"Growth and physiological responses of canola (Brassica napus) to three components of global climate change: Temperature, carbon dioxide and drought","volume":"128","author":"Qaderi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, T.B., and Nenadic, N.G. (2013). Electromechanics and MEMS, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139032605"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-013-1595-2","article-title":"Combined effects of warming and elevated CO2 on the impact of drought in grassland species","volume":"369","author":"Naudts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3670","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12626","article-title":"Physiological, biochemical, and genome-wide transcriptional analysis reveals that elevated CO2 mitigates the impact of combined heat wave and drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana at multiple organizational levels","volume":"20","author":"Zinta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12044","article-title":"The effect of heat waves, elevated [CO2] and low soil water availability on northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings","volume":"19","author":"Bauweraerts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.21273\/JASHS.137.4.221","article-title":"Metabolic responses to heat stress under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration in a cool-season grass species","volume":"137","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3145","article-title":"The effects of carbon dioxide and temperature on microRNA expression in Arabidopsis development","volume":"4","author":"May","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-013-9337-5","article-title":"Interactive effects of elevated CO2, drought, and warming on plants","volume":"32","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-019-03213-3","article-title":"Elevated carbon dioxide decreases the adverse effects of higher temperature and drought stress by mitigating oxidative stress and improving water status in Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"250","author":"Kisiala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00947","article-title":"Protective response mechanisms to heat stress in interaction with high [CO2] conditions in Coffea spp.","volume":"7","author":"Martins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2015.11.014","article-title":"Growth, yield and quality of maize with elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature in north\u2013west India","volume":"218","author":"Abebe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.00287","article-title":"Can elevated air [CO2] conditions mitigate the predicted warming impact on the quality of coffee bean?","volume":"9","author":"Ramalho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lobo, A.K.M., Catarino, I.C., Silva, E.A., Centeno, D.C., and Domingues, D.S. (2022). Physiological and molecular responses of woody plants exposed to future atmospheric CO2 levels under abiotic stresses. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11141880"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-014-1723-3","article-title":"Methane-rich water induces cucumber adventitious rooting through heme oxygenase1\/carbon monoxide and Ca2+ pathways","volume":"34","author":"Cui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-007-0358-y","article-title":"Involvement of carbon monoxide produced by heme oxygenase in ABA-induced stomatal closure in Vicia faba and its proposed signal transduction pathway","volume":"52","author":"Cao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.89.3.410","article-title":"Weedy adaptation in Setaria spp. V. Effects of gaseous environment on giant foxtail (Setaria faberii)(Poaceae) seed germination","volume":"89","author":"Dekker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1126\/science.129.3354.964","article-title":"Carbon monoxide in green plants","volume":"129","author":"Wilks","year":"1959","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)82453-X","article-title":"Biogenesis of carbon monoxide: Production by fungi and seed plants in the dark","volume":"26","author":"Siegel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00386228","article-title":"Light-dependent net CO-evolution by C3 and C4 plants","volume":"149","author":"Fischer","year":"1980","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11403","DOI":"10.1029\/94JD03324","article-title":"Direct carbon monoxide photoproduction from plant matter","volume":"100","author":"Tarr","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2003_3712","article-title":"Carbon monoxide\u2014A\u201d new\u201d gaseous modulator of gene expression","volume":"50","author":"Dulak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Pol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.108.125567","article-title":"The heme oxygenase\/carbon monoxide system is involved in the auxin-induced cucumber adventitious rooting process","volume":"148","author":"Xuan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2006.09.001","article-title":"CO\u2013metal interaction: Vital signaling from a lethal gas","volume":"31","author":"Boczkowski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.05.013","article-title":"Carbon monoxide, reactive oxygen signaling, and oxidative stress","volume":"45","author":"Piantadosi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00596-8","article-title":"Carbon monoxide neurotransmission activated by CK2 phosphorylation of heme oxygenase-2","volume":"40","author":"Boehning","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2006.11.007","article-title":"Carbon monoxide counteracts the inhibition of seed germination and alleviates oxidative damage caused by salt stress in Oryza sativa","volume":"172","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7909.2007.00592.x","article-title":"Exogenous hematin alleviates mercury-induced oxidative damage in the roots of medicago sativa","volume":"49","author":"Han","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Integr. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.12.062","article-title":"Enhancement of tolerance of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) to mercury by carbon monoxide","volume":"186","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.01772","article-title":"Plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses: Lessons from cell signaling","volume":"8","author":"Jeandroz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7909.2006.00220.x","article-title":"Carbon monoxide alleviates salt-induced oxidative damage in wheat seedling leaves","volume":"48","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Integr. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2008.01888.x","article-title":"Carbon monoxide enhances salt tolerance by nitric oxide-mediated maintenance of ion homeostasis and up-regulation of antioxidant defence in wheat seedling roots","volume":"31","author":"Xie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1071\/EN09137","article-title":"Methane formation in aerobic environments","volume":"6","author":"Keppler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Chem."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2015.11.013","article-title":"Methane-rich water alleviates NaCl toxicity during alfalfa seed germination","volume":"129","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-019-02372-7","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide is involved in methane-induced tomato lateral root formation","volume":"38","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8681","article-title":"Methane delays the senescence and browning in daylily buds by re-established redox homeostasis","volume":"98","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46185","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46185","article-title":"Methane protects against polyethylene glycol-induced osmotic stress in maize by improving sugar and ascorbic acid metabolism","volume":"7","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-017-9989-x","article-title":"Methane alleviates copper-induced seed germination inhibition and oxidative stress in Medicago sativa","volume":"30","author":"Samma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04420","article-title":"Methane emissions from terrestrial plants under aerobic conditions","volume":"439","author":"Keppler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2020.109492","article-title":"Regulatory roles of methane in plants","volume":"272","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.054","article-title":"Methane alleviates alfalfa cadmium toxicity via decreasing cadmium accumulation and reestablishing glutathione homeostasis","volume":"147","author":"Gu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15624","article-title":"Methane production and emissions in trees and forests","volume":"222","author":"Covey","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2008.02571.x","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation drives methane emissions from terrestrial plant pectins","volume":"180","author":"McLeod","year":"2008","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-5-937-2008","article-title":"Effect of UV radiation and temperature on the emission of methane from plant biomass and structural components","volume":"5","author":"Vigano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_201","first-page":"1545","article-title":"Effects of temperature on CH4 emission from subtropical common tree species leaves","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Su, J., Cheng, D., Wang, R., Mei, Y., Hu, H., and Zhang, Y. (2018). Nitric oxide contributes to methane-induced osmotic stress tolerance in mung bean. BMC Plant Biol., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-018-1426-y"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12092","article-title":"Hydrogen sulphide may be a novel downstream signal molecule in nitric oxide-induced heat tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1134\/S1021443715030127","article-title":"Signal crosstalk between nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide may be involved in hydrogen peroxide-induced thermotolerance in maize seedlings","volume":"62","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Russ. J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967968","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.967968","article-title":"Key role of reactive oxygen species-scavenging system in nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide crosstalk-evoked thermotolerance in maize seedlings","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_206","first-page":"1079","article-title":"Effects of H2S and NO on resistance to high temperature stress in Chinese cabbage","volume":"37","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agro-Environ."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-017-0316-x","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide enhances poplar tolerance to high-temperature stress by increasing S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activity and reducing reactive oxygen\/nitrogen damage","volume":"84","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.12166","article-title":"Abscisic acid, H2O2 and nitric oxide interactions mediated cold-induced S-adenosylmethionine synthetase in Medicago sativa subsp. falcata that confers cold tolerance through up-regulating polyamine oxidation","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jahan, B., Iqbal, N., Fatma, M., Sehar, Z., Masood, A., Sofo, A., and Khan, N.A. (2021). Ethylene supplementation combined with split application of nitrogen and sulfur protects salt-inhibited photosynthesis through optimization of proline metabolism and antioxidant system in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202106.0095.v1"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.12004","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide regulates ethylene-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"55","author":"Hou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Integr. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0160(09)60151-X","article-title":"Effect of CO2 elevation on root growth and its relationship with indole acetic acid and ethylene in tomato seedlings","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-012-9262-z","article-title":"Haem oxygenase-1 is involved in hydrogen sulfide-induced cucumber adventitious root formation","volume":"31","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117123","article-title":"Methane control of cadmium tolerance in alfalfa roots requires hydrogen sulfide","volume":"284","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.12531","article-title":"Nitric oxide is involved in methane-induced adventitious root formation in cucumber","volume":"159","author":"Qi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2018.11.012","article-title":"Salicylic acid acts upstream of nitric oxide in elevated carbon dioxide-induced flavonoid biosynthesis in tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.)","volume":"161","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/13\/6\/791\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:11:50Z","timestamp":1760105510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/13\/6\/791"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"references-count":215,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["plants13060791"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants13060791","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2223-7747","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]}}}