{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:17:21Z","timestamp":1791649041952,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":219,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31970001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31970001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC3703100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3703100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018A050506075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018A050506075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program","award":["31970001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31970001"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program","award":["2022YFC3703100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3703100"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program","award":["2018A050506075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018A050506075"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province, and the Joint Open Project from Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China and Industrial College of South China Agri","award":["31970001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31970001"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province, and the Joint Open Project from Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China and Industrial College of South China Agri","award":["2022YFC3703100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3703100"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province, and the Joint Open Project from Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China and Industrial College of South China Agri","award":["2018A050506075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018A050506075"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the most concerning global environmental issues is the pollution of agricultural soils by heavy metals (HMs), especially cadmium, which not only affects human health through Cd-containing foods but also impacts the quality of rice. The soil\u2019s nitrification and denitrification processes, coupled with the release of volatile organic compounds by plants, raise substantial concerns. In this review, we summarize the recent literature related to the deleterious effects of Cd on both soil processes related to the N cycle and rice quality, particularly aroma, in different water management practices. Under both continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) conditions, cadmium has been observed to reduce both the nitrification and denitrification processes. The adverse effects are more pronounced in alternate wetting and drying (AWD) as compared to continuous flooding (CF). Similarly, the alteration in rice aroma is more significant in AWD than in CF. The precise modulation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by Cd remains unclear based on the available literature. Nevertheless, HM accumulation is higher in AWD conditions compared to CF, leading to a detrimental impact on volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The literature concludes that AWD practices should be avoided in Cd-contaminated fields to decrease accumulation and maintain the quality of the rice. In the future, rhizospheric engineering and plant biotechnology can be used to decrease the transport of HMs from the soil to the plant\u2019s edible parts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13060871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T08:17:29Z","timestamp":1710749849000},"page":"871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The Effects of Heavy Metal Pollution on Soil Nitrogen Transformation and Rice Volatile Organic Compounds under Different Water Management Practices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9530-1356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Afzal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2082-8051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sajid","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dedong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidra","family":"Kaleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Islamabad 44600, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arif Ali","family":"Khattak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangfang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingzhi","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niaz","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmood","family":"Jan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2019.105889","article-title":"Water-saving irrigation is a \u2018win-win\u2019management strategy in rice paddies\u2013With both reduced greenhouse gas emissions and enhanced water use efficiency","volume":"228","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agric. 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