{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T10:46:04Z","timestamp":1780742764658,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance"},{"name":"San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance Postdoctoral Fellowship Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Worldwide, oak species are threatened with extinction due to habitat loss, pathogens, and changing fire regimes. Ex situ conservation through tissue culture may protect the remaining genetic diversity of Quercus dumosa, or the coastal sage scrub oak, from further loss. We designed three basal salt formulations based on the mineral composition of shoot tips and first leaves from mature Q. dumosa and explored carbohydrate source, stress-mitigating compounds, and plant growth regulator concentrations to develop a method of cultivating many Q. dumosa culture lines in vitro. All three novel basal salt formulations led to decreased necrosis compared with commercial basal salt formulas WPM, MS, and DKW. Substitution of 30 g L\u22121 sucrose with glucose and adding 250 mg L\u22121 ascorbic acid, 5.2 mg L\u22121 SNP sodium nitroprusside, and 103 mg L\u22121 y-aminobutyric acid improved culture health overall. In an experiment involving 115 culture lines, 0.66 mg L\u22121 6-benzylaminopurine produced the highest average shoots per explant, but 0.33 mg L\u22121 produced the greatest proportion of shoots 2 cm or greater. Incubation for 24 h in 20 mg L\u22121 indole-3-butyric acid led to the most rooting. These methods show promise for the ex situ conservation of many genotypes of endangered Q. dumosa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13081148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T03:57:07Z","timestamp":1713758227000},"page":"1148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Development of a Micropropagation Protocol for the Ex Situ Conservation of Nuttall\u2019s Scrub Oak (Quercus dumosa)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Joseph Francis","family":"Ree","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, San Diego, CA 92101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christy","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, San Diego, CA 92101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7715-3679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Folgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens, San Marino, CA 91108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2299-2437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie C.","family":"Pence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife (CREW), Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9035-945X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2014ARS National Laboratory for Genetic Resource Preservation, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Maschinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, San Diego, CA 92101, USA"},{"name":"Center for Plant Conservation, Escondido, CA 92027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Carrero, C., Jerome, D., Beckman, E., Byrne, A., Coombes, A., Deng, M., Gonz\u00e1lez-Rodr\u00edguez, A., Sam, H.V., Khoo, E., and Nguyen, N. 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