{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T03:13:25Z","timestamp":1789269205004,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de San Agust\u00edn de Arequipa-UNSA","award":["08-2019-UNSA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["08-2019-UNSA"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Nacional de San Agust\u00edn de Arequipa-UNSA","award":["1230414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230414"]}]},{"name":"ANID-Fondecyt Regular","award":["08-2019-UNSA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["08-2019-UNSA"]}]},{"name":"ANID-Fondecyt Regular","award":["1230414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230414"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alternative solvents are being tested as green solvents to replace the traditional organic solvents used in both academy and industry. Some of these are already available, such as ethyl lactate, cyrene, limonene, glycerol, and others. This alternative explores eco-friendly processes for extracting secondary metabolites from nature, thus increasing the number of unconventional extraction methods with lower environmental impact over conventional methods. In this context, the Peruvian Ambrosia arborescens was our model while exploring a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) approach over maceration. The objective of this study was to perform a phytochemical study including UHPLC-ESI-MS\/MS and the antioxidant activity of Ambrosia arborescens, using sustainable strategies by mixing both microwaves and ethyl lactate as a green solvent. The results showed that ethyl lactate\/MAE (15.07%) achieved a higher extraction yield than methanol\/maceration (12.6%). In the case of the isolation of psilostachyin, it was similar to ethyl lactate (0.44%) when compared to methanol (0.40%). Regarding UHPLC-ESI-MS\/MS studies, the results were similar. Twenty-eight compounds were identified in the ethyl lactate\/MAE and methanol\/maceration extracts, except for the tentative identification of two additional amino acids (peaks 4 and 6) in the MeOH extract. In relation to the antioxidant assay, the activity of the ethyl lactate extract was a little higher than the methanol extract in terms of ORAC (715.38 \u00b1 3.2) and DPPH (263.04 \u00b1 2.8). This study on A. arborescens demonstrated that the unconventional techniques, such as MAE related to ethyl lactate, could replace maceration\/MeOH for the extraction and isolation of metabolites from diverse sources. This finding showed the potential of unconventional methods with green solvents to provide eco-friendly methods based on green chemistry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13091213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T04:26:16Z","timestamp":1714364776000},"page":"1213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Secondary Metabolites Using Ethyl Lactate Green Solvent from Ambrosia arborescens: LC\/ESI-MS\/MS and Antioxidant Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Guillen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agust\u00edn, Arequipa 68513, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hector","family":"Terrones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agust\u00edn, Arequipa 68513, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0728-4849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa Cano","family":"de Terrones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agust\u00edn, Arequipa 68513, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4552-3123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario J.","family":"Simirgiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Isla Teja, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"H\u00e1jek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Centre ALGATECH, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovick\u00fd Ml\u00fdn, 379 81 T\u0159ebo\u0148, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5789-9297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Cheel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Centre ALGATECH, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovick\u00fd Ml\u00fdn, 379 81 T\u0159ebo\u0148, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Sepulveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Campus Vi\u00f1a del Mar, Quillota 980, Vi\u00f1a del Mar 2520000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5246-1368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Areche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Nu\u00f1oa, Santiago 8320000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.11.018","article-title":"Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Andean people of Canta, Lima, Peru","volume":"111","author":"Vilcapoma","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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