{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:01:49Z","timestamp":1760144509231,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]],"date-time":"2024-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","award":["NSFC 32060049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC 32060049"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Research on Satyrium nepalense var. ciliatum (Lindl.) Hook. f. has primarily focused on populations in Northwestern Yunnan, with limited studies on pollination syndromes and insect behavior. In addition, it is geographically limited in its breeding system studies. Here, pollination syndromes, florivory, and breeding systems of S. nepalense var. ciliatum from Liangwang Mountain (Central Yunnan, China) were investigated through field work, microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and parafin section. It was revealed that the pollination syndrome was possessing out-crossing, such as bright color, a developed rostellum, nectar glands in the spur, and food hairs at the lip base. The color and nectar attracted flower visitors, and florivory was observed. Some flower visitors pollinated their companion species. Ants were identified as floral visitors for the first time in Satyrium, although substantial pollination was not observed. Ants might be potential pollinators. S. nepalense var. ciliatum possessed a mixed breeding system, including selfing, out-crossing, and apomixis, with apomixis being predominant in nature. It is suggested that the pollination syndrome, florivory, and pollination competition would contribute to its mixed breeding systems, particularly leading to the occurrence of apomixis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13091228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T04:26:16Z","timestamp":1714364776000},"page":"1228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pollination Syndrome, Florivory, and Breeding System of Satyrium\u00a0nepalense var. ciliatum (Orchidaceae) in Central Yunnan, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China"},{"name":"College of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaifeng","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China"},{"name":"Kunming Xianghao Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming 650204, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingduo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China"},{"name":"College of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangke","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5364-5393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0516-7374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"\u00a0SATYRIUM","volume":"Volume 25","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Flora of China"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1079\/IJT20043","article-title":"An Overview of Plant\u2013Pollinator Relationships in Southern Africa","volume":"24","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"JTI"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.94.1.47","article-title":"Specialization for Pollination by Beetles and Wasps: The Role of Lollipop Hairs and Fragrance in Satyrium microrrhynchum (Orchidaceae)","volume":"94","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00606-010-0411-1","article-title":"Diverse Pollination Systems of the Twin-Spurred Orchid Genus Satyrium in African Grasslands","volume":"292","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Syst. Evol."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"54","article-title":"Notes on Bisexual and Unisexual Forms of Satyirum ciliatum Ldl","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Phytotaxon. Sin."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teoh, E.S. (2016). Medicinal Orchids of Asia, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24274-3"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2018.64.8.6","article-title":"Satyrium nepalense, a High Altitude Medicinal Orchid of Indian Himalayan Region: Chemical Profile and Biological Activities of Tuber Extracts","volume":"64","author":"Mishra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ecological Study of a Medicinal Orchid (Satyrium nepalense) in an Alpine Meadow","volume":"7","author":"Paudel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Himal. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2008.07.029","article-title":"Mass Propagation of Satyrium nepalense D.Don.\u2014A Medicinal Orchid via Seed Culture","volume":"119","author":"Mahendran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(03)00113-4","article-title":"Fragrance Chemistry, Nocturnal Rhythms and Pollination \u201cSyndromes\u201d in Nicotiana","volume":"63","author":"Raguso","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.16793","article-title":"Pollination Syndromes in the 21st Century: Where Do We Stand and Where May We Go?","volume":"228","author":"Dellinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Vogel, S. (1954). Bl\u00fctenbiologische Typen Als Elemente Der Sippengliederung: Dargestellt Anhand Der Flora S\u00fcdafrikas, G. Fischer."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2013.02.114","article-title":"Different Ways to Attract the Same Pollinator: The Evolution of Floral Scent in Satyrium (Orchidaceae)","volume":"86","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0367-2530(17)30686-2","article-title":"Floral Morphology and Ontogeny in Subtribe Satyriinae (Fam. Orchidaceae)","volume":"191","author":"Kurzweil","year":"1996","journal-title":"Flora"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8339.2011.01143.x","article-title":"More than Meets the Eye: A Morphological and Phylogenetic Comparison of Long-Spurred, White-Flowered Satyrium Species (Orchidaceae) in South Africa: SATYRIUM MORPHOLOGY","volume":"166","author":"Liltved","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bot. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2007.12.008","article-title":"Dealing with Incongruence in the Quest for the Species Tree: A Case Study from the Orchid Genus Satyrium","volume":"47","author":"Linder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenetics Evol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00985239","article-title":"Bird Pollination in South African Species of Satyrium (Orchidaceae)","volume":"203","author":"Johnson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pl. Syst. Evol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/boj.12229","article-title":"Experimental Evidence for Specialized Bird Pollination in the Endangered South African Orchid Satyrium rhodanthum and Analysis of Associated Floral Traits: Bird Pollination in a South African Orchid","volume":"177","author":"Cozien","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bot. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1111\/aje.13058","article-title":"Long-term Camera Trapping Needed to Identify Sunbird Species that Pollinate the Endangered South African Orchid Satyrium rhodanthum","volume":"60","author":"Cozien","year":"2022","journal-title":"Afr. J. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00606-019-01587-1","article-title":"Bird Pollination in an African Satyrium (Orchidaceae) Confirmed by Camera Traps and Selective Exclusion Experiments","volume":"305","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Syst. Evol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"185","article-title":"Sunbird Feeding at Satyrium Odorum Sond. Flowers","volume":"584","author":"Rebelo","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ostrich"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"225","article-title":"Pollination Ecotypes of Satyrium hallackii (Orchidaceae) in South Africa","volume":"123","author":"Johnson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bot. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00989205","article-title":"Insect Pollination and Floral Mechanisms in South African Species of Satyrium (Orchidaceae)","volume":"204","author":"Johnson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pl. Syst. Evol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcr048","article-title":"Carrion Mimicry in a South African Orchid: Flowers Attract a Narrow Subset of the Fly Assemblage on Animal Carcasses","volume":"107","author":"Hansen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.2307\/2666158","article-title":"The Long-Proboscid Fly Pollination System in Southern Africa","volume":"87","author":"Goldblatt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1086\/599303","article-title":"Pollination Fluctuations Drive Evolutionary Syndromes Linking Dispersal and Mating System","volume":"174","author":"Cheptou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00985575","article-title":"Do Pollinators Determine Hybridization Patterns in sympatric Satyrium (Orchidaceae) Species?","volume":"219","author":"Ellis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pl. Syst. Evol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2007.01256.x","article-title":"Protandry Promotes Male Pollination Success in a Moth-pollinated Orchid","volume":"21","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3268","article-title":"Adaptive Plasticity of Floral Display Size in Animal-Pollinated Plants","volume":"272","author":"Harder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2018.05.023","article-title":"Autonomous Self-Pollination in the South African Orchid Satyrium rupestre Schltr","volume":"117","year":"2018","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3126\/hebids.v8i1.40235","article-title":"Reproductive Biology of a Medicinal Orchid Satyarium nepalense (Orchidaceae) in the Nepalese Himalayas","volume":"31","author":"Paudel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Himal. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Cun, Y.-Z. (2005). A Study on the Reproductive Ecology of Satyrium ciliatum Ldl. (Orchidaceae), Chinese Academy of Sciences."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Lu, Y. (2009). Studies on Sexual System of Satyrium ciliatum (Orchidaceae), Wuhan University."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1086\/605378","article-title":"Parthenogenesis Maintains Male Sterility in a Gynodioecious Orchid","volume":"174","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"269","article-title":"Higher Dimorphism and Lower Phenotypic Integration in Reproductive Traits Compared with Vegetative Traits in a Gynodioecious Orchid","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Evol. Ecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1438-8677.2009.00283.x","article-title":"Reduced Recombination in Gynodioecious Populations of a Facultative Apomictic Orchid: Genotypic Diversity in a Gynodioecious Orchid","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1759-6831.2012.00195.x","article-title":"Effects of Soil Moisture and Floral Herbivory on Sexual Expression in a Gynodioecious Orchid","volume":"50","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Sytematics Evol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2006.00370.x","article-title":"Effects of Forest Fragmentation on Phenological Patterns and Reproductive Success of the Tropical Dry Forest Tree Ceiba aesculifolia","volume":"20","author":"Quesada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"1315","article-title":"Flowering Phenology and Pollinating Insect of Clematis Patens","volume":"41","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Guihaia"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2012.00121.x","article-title":"The Assembly of Tropical Tree Communities\u2013the Advances and Shortcomings of Phylogenetic and Functional Trait Analyses","volume":"36","author":"Swenson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4435","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15744","article-title":"Siberian Plants Shift Their Phenology in Response to Climate Change","volume":"27","author":"Rosbakh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Dressler, R. (1981). The Orchids Natural History and Classification, University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Van der Cingel, N.A. (2001). Atlas of Orchid Pollination, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcl094","article-title":"Exine Micromorphology of Orchidinae (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae): Phylogenetic Constraints or Ecological Influences?","volume":"98","author":"Lumaga","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s00606-013-0899-2","article-title":"Exine Micromorphology and Ultrastructure in Neottieae (Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae)","volume":"300","author":"Cozzolino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Syst. Evol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.10.024","article-title":"Food Reward Chemistry Explains a Novel Pollinator Shift and Vestigialization of Long Floral Spurs in an Orchid","volume":"31","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872-2032(08)60055-4","article-title":"Chenorchis, a New Orchid Genus, and Its Eco-Strategy of Ant Pollination","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00936402","article-title":"The Unique Pollination of Leporella fimbriata (Orchidaceae): Pollination by Pseudocopulating Male Ants (Myrmecia Urens, Formicidae)","volume":"167","author":"Peakall","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pl. Syst. Evol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.2307\/2389565","article-title":"Pollination of the Orchid Microtis Parviflora R. Br. by Flightless Worker Ants","volume":"3","author":"Peakall","year":"1989","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"836","article-title":"Ants Pollinate Neottia listeroides (Orchidaceae) in Sichuan, China","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Syst. Evol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1890\/07-0542.1","article-title":"Forest Rodents Provide Directed Dispersal of Jeffrey Pine Seeds","volume":"90","author":"Briggs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.2001.00229.x","article-title":"Can Floral Repellents Pre-Empt Potential Ant\u2013Plant Conflicts?","volume":"4","author":"Ghazoul","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Arditti, J. (1994). Orchid Biology: Reviews and Perspectives, VI, John Wiley and Sons, Inc."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"2657","article-title":"Natural Selection on Extrafloral Nectar Production in Chamaecrista Fasciculata: The Costs and Benefits of a Mutualism Trait","volume":"58","author":"Rutter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Willmer, P. (2011). Pollination and Floral Ecology, Princeton University Press.","DOI":"10.23943\/princeton\/9780691128610.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1080\/0028825X.1979.10432565","article-title":"Biotic Pollination Mechanisms in the Australian Flora\u2014A Review","volume":"17","author":"Armstrong","year":"1979","journal-title":"N. Z. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buckley, R.C. (1982). Ant-Plant Interactions in Australia, Springer. Geobotany.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-7994-9"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huxley, C.R., and Cutler, D.F. (1991). Ant-Plant Interactions, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198546399.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"1837","article-title":"The Genetic Consequences of Worker Ant Pollination in a Self-Compatible, Clonal Orchid","volume":"45","author":"Peakall","year":"1991","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Proctor, M., and Yeo, P. (1973). The Pollination of Flowers, Taplinger Pub. Co., Ltd."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beattie, A.J. (1985). The Evolutionary Ecology of Ant\u2013Plant Mutualisms, Cambridge University Press. Cambridge Studies in Ecology.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511721878"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1537-2197.1984.tb12527.x","article-title":"Ant Inhibition of Pollen Function: A Possible Reason Why Ant Pollination Is Rare","volume":"71","author":"Beattie","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1537-2197.1985.tb08315.x","article-title":"The Vulnerability of Pollen and Fungal Spores to Ant Secretions: Evidence and Some Evolutionary Implications","volume":"72","author":"Beattie","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/79.3.448","article-title":"Antibiotic Production: A Possible Function for the Metapleural Glands of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"79","author":"Beattie","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcs140","article-title":"Uptake of Ant-Derived Nitrogen in the Myrmecophytic Orchid Caularthron bilamellatum","volume":"110","author":"Gegenbauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1653\/024.103.0309","article-title":"Ants Tend Ghost Orchids: Patrolling of Dendrophylax lindenii (Orchidaceae) by Crematogaster Ashmeadi in Florida","volume":"103","author":"Houlihan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Flen"},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"107","article-title":"Diversity and Conservation of Medicinal Vascular Plants in Chengjiang County of Yunnan Province","volume":"51","author":"Duan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. West China For. Sci."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 Years of Image Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faegri, K., and Van Der Pijl, L. (1979). Principles of Pollination Ecology, Pergamon Press. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-023160-0.50020-7"},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"Dafni, A. (1992). Pollination Ecology: A Practical Approach, Oxford University Press."}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/13\/9\/1228\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:35:36Z","timestamp":1760106936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/13\/9\/1228"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["plants13091228"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants13091228","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2223-7747"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]]}}}