{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T17:38:37Z","timestamp":1778780317679,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea","award":["PJ017015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ017015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cannabis sativa L. has been widely used by humans for centuries for various purposes, such as industrial, ceremonial, medicinal, and food. The bioactive components of Cannabis sativa L. can be classified into two main groups: cannabinoids and terpenes. These bioactive components of Cannabis sativa L. leaf and inflorescence extracts were analyzed. Mice were systemically administered 30 mg\/kg of Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract 1 h before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, and behavioral tests were performed. We conducted an investigation into the oxygen saturation, oxygen tension, and degranulation of mast cells (MCs) in the deep cervical lymph nodes (DCLNs). To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Cannabis sativa L. extracts in BV2 microglial cells, we assessed nitrite production and the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1. The main bioactive components of the Cannabis sativa L. extracts were THCA (a cannabinoid) and \u03b2-caryophyllene (a terpene). Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract reduced the immobility time in the forced swimming test and increased sucrose preference in the LPS model, without affecting the total distance and time in the center in the open field test. Additionally, Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract improved oxygen levels and inhibited the degranulation of MCs in DCLNs. The Cannabis sativa L. extracts inhibited IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, nitrite, iNOS, and COX-2 expression in BV2 microglia cells. The efficacy of Cannabis sativa L. extracts was suggested to be due to the entourage effect of various bioactive phytochemicals. Our findings indicate that these extracts have the potential to be used as effective treatments for a variety of diseases associated with acute inflammatory responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13121619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T04:15:27Z","timestamp":1718165727000},"page":"1619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory and Antidepressant-like Effects of Cannabis sativa L. Extracts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5064-6227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joonyoung","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Rare Disease Network, Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangheon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Rare Disease Network, Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A Yeong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Rare Disease Network, Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suk","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Rare Disease Network, Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bitna","family":"Kweon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Uk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gi-Sang","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0206-8976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongwoon","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Rare Disease Network, Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Development, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eunjeong","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7742-5232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jongki","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9513-0758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungchul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Rare Disease Network, Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaw1391","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaw1391","article-title":"The origins of cannabis smoking: Chemical residue evidence from the first millennium BCE in the Pamirs","volume":"5","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. 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