{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T20:06:17Z","timestamp":1772136377063,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of new drugs derived from plant sources is of significant interest in modern pharmacy. One of the promising plant sources for introduction into pharmaceuticals is Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., also known as Tripleurospermum perforatum (Merat.) M. This plant has been shown to possess various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antimycotic activities, among others. However, a review of the current literature reveals a paucity of studies investigating the chemical composition of the herb Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. This study presents the development of a method for obtaining an extract of the herb Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. enriched with flavonoids, harvested before flowering and butonization. This study focused on determining the optimal conditions for extraction, including the concentration of the extractant (ethanol), extraction time, raw material\/extractant ratio, extraction frequency, complexation reaction time, amount of aluminum chloride solution, and amount of diluted acetic acid. The results indicate that herbs harvested during this specific period exhibited a higher flavonoid content compared to those collected during butonization and flowering. Moreover, this study demonstrated that the flavonoid content could exceed 7% mg REq\/100 g D.W. through a one-hour extraction process. Furthermore, the flavonoid content was found to be 7.65 \u00b1 0.03 mg REq\/100 g D.W. following a three-minute ultrasound-assisted extraction process, followed by thermal extraction. A qualitative analysis identified a variety of phenolic compounds in the extract, such as chlorogenic acid, 5-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid, 1-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid, luteolin-7-glucoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, luteolin-7-rutinoside, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, quercetin-3-O-malonylglucoside, apigenin-7-glucoside, luteolin-3-malonylglucoside, cynarin, rhamnetin-3-(O-dimethyl rhamnosyl glucosylglucoside), and luteolin. Moreover, this study demonstrated the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, anti-aggregation, and antioxidant activities of the aqueous alcoholic extract from T. inodorum herb (ETIH) against pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Additionally, the extract exhibited comparable anti-inflammatory effects on diclofenac sodium. These findings contribute to the understanding of the potential pharmacological applications of the developed herb extract.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13121629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T04:30:12Z","timestamp":1718253012000},"page":"1629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Development of a Method for Obtaining Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. Herb Extract Enriched with Flavonoids and an Evaluation of Its Biological Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Marakhova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vera Yu.","family":"Zhilkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Elapov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1100-929X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadezhda","family":"Sachivkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9302-499X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Samorodov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kira","family":"Pupykina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Krylova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1682-6128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parfait","family":"Kezimana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasia M.","family":"Stoynova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5547-7477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raja","family":"Venkatesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4828-8571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre A.","family":"Vetcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"128","article-title":"Achene Morphology of British and Irish Mayweeds and Chamomiles: Implications for Taxonomy and Identification","volume":"1","author":"Skilbeck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. Ir. Bot."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6208","article-title":"Antibacterial Activity of Flavonoids and Their Structure\u2013Activity Relationship: An Update Review","volume":"33","author":"Farhadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"71","article-title":"Generic Monograph of the Asteraceae-Anthemideae","volume":"23","author":"Bremer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. 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