{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T02:11:13Z","timestamp":1789438273847,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSPD2024R676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSPD2024R676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sonchus oleraceus L. is a leafy vegetable that is usually consumed in the area of the Mediterranean and is a frequently used traditional herb to treat a variety of ailments. Previous studies deduced the potent antioxidant and cytotoxic functions of the different extracts and isolated compounds from S. oleraceus. The current study represents the first instance of chemical profiling and bioactivities of the extracted essential oil (EO) of S. oleraceus. The present investigation set out to identify the chemical components of this EO by means of Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (G004-MS) techniques; assess the oil\u2019s antioxidant potencies through 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2\u2032-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) assays; and evaluate the oil\u2019s cytotoxic impact against HepG2 cancer cell lines. The GC-MS chemical profiling revealed the identification of 23 components representing 97.43% of the total oil mass within abundant cyclic ketones (20.15%), nonterpenoidial hydrocarbons (28.77%), and sesquiterpenes (42.19%). The main components were n-nonadecane (28.77%), trans-caryophyllene (23.73%), trans-methyl dihydrojasmonate (19.55%), and cis-cadina-1,4-diene (9.44%). In a dose-dependent manner, this EO demonstrated antioxidant capacities on DPPH and ABTS, with IC50 values of 609.35 and 804.16 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid. Using doxorubicin as a reference therapy, the MTT assay findings revealed that this oil had remarkable inhibitory effects on the proliferation of HepG2 cancer cell lines, with an IC50 of 136.02 \u00b5g\/mL. More studies were recommended for further investigation of new biological roles for this oil and its main components, along with the construction of action mechanisms based on chemical components.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13121712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T11:42:03Z","timestamp":1718883723000},"page":"1712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activity of Essential Oils in the Above-Ground Parts of Sonchus oleraceus L."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Abd El-Nasser G.","family":"El Gendy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia A.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tushar C.","family":"Sarker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texs A&M AgriLife Research Center, Overton, TX 75684, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emad M.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed H.","family":"Garaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3302-3623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelsamed I.","family":"Elshamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5903-6329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Abd-ElGawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Gonz\u00e1lez, C., P\u00e9rez-Ramos, J., and Alberto M\u00e9ndez-Cuesta, C. (2019). Cytotoxic activity of essential oils of some species from Lamiaceae family. Cytotoxicity\u2014Definition, Identification, and Cytotoxic Compounds, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.86392"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.09.106","article-title":"Biological effects of essential oils\u2014A review","volume":"46","author":"Bakkali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nieto, G. (2017). Biological activities of three essential oils of the Lamiaceae Family. 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