{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:20:01Z","timestamp":1760145601119,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001","001","Fapesc; No. 2021TR001783"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001","001","Fapesc; No. 2021TR001783"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001","001","Fapesc; No. 2021TR001783"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001","001","Fapesc; No. 2021TR001783"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Foundation for Research and Innovation Support of the State of Santa Catarina","award":["001","001","Fapesc; No. 2021TR001783"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001","001","Fapesc; No. 2021TR001783"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The study aimed to investigate the potential antiurolithic effects of extracts, fractions, and betulinic acid (BA) from Citharexylum mirianthum. In vitro analysis involved precipitating calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in urine. For in vivo studies, rats were divided into four groups: naive; vehicle; potassium citrate (KC); and BA. Urolithiasis was induced using ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride. After seven days, urine, blood, and kidney tissues were evaluated. The results showed that methanolic extract, hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions, as well as BA, reduced CaOx crystal formation. In vivo, the vehicle-treated group exhibited reduced urinary volume and Na+ excretion, while the BA-treated group showed restored urinary volume and Na+ excretion similar to the naive group. BA also significantly reduced urinary monohydrate and dihydrate crystal formation, comparable to the KC group. Other urinary parameters remained unchanged, but plasma analysis revealed decreased Na+, K+, and Ca2+ in the KC group. Renal tissue analysis indicated reduced lipid hydroperoxides and increased reduced glutathione in all urolithiasis groups, with unchanged nitrite levels. BA treatment also improved renal corpuscle morphology. Overall, our findings demonstrate that treatment with BA effectively prevented kidney damage induced by EG+AC ingestion, thereby improving renal function in the urolithiasis model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13152141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T09:34:17Z","timestamp":1722591257000},"page":"2141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["In Vitro and In Vivo Antiurolithic Effect of Betulinic Acid Obtained from Citharexylum mirianthum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lu\u00edsa Nath\u00e1lia Bolda","family":"Mariano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, N\u00facleo de Investiga\u00e7\u00f5es Qu\u00edmico-Farmac\u00eauticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itaja\u00ed (UNIVALI), Itaja\u00ed 88302-901, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Vequi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Itaja\u00ed (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai 458 Centro, Itaja\u00ed 88302-901, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita de C\u00e1ssia Vilhena","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, N\u00facleo de Investiga\u00e7\u00f5es Qu\u00edmico-Farmac\u00eauticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itaja\u00ed (UNIVALI), Itaja\u00ed 88302-901, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0123-8005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anelise Fel\u00edcio","family":"Macarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, N\u00facleo de Investiga\u00e7\u00f5es Qu\u00edmico-Farmac\u00eauticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itaja\u00ed (UNIVALI), Itaja\u00ed 88302-901, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6284-5993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anelize","family":"Dada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, N\u00facleo de Investiga\u00e7\u00f5es Qu\u00edmico-Farmac\u00eauticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itaja\u00ed (UNIVALI), Itaja\u00ed 88302-901, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thaina Mariz","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Itaja\u00ed (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai 458 Centro, Itaja\u00ed 88302-901, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murilo Morales","family":"Omena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Itaja\u00ed (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai 458 Centro, Itaja\u00ed 88302-901, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiane Regina Pamplona","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, N\u00facleo de Investiga\u00e7\u00f5es Qu\u00edmico-Farmac\u00eauticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itaja\u00ed (UNIVALI), Itaja\u00ed 88302-901, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valdir","family":"Cechinel-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, N\u00facleo de Investiga\u00e7\u00f5es Qu\u00edmico-Farmac\u00eauticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itaja\u00ed (UNIVALI), Itaja\u00ed 88302-901, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rivaldo","family":"Niero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, N\u00facleo de Investiga\u00e7\u00f5es Qu\u00edmico-Farmac\u00eauticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itaja\u00ed (UNIVALI), Itaja\u00ed 88302-901, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5251-5642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscila","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, N\u00facleo de Investiga\u00e7\u00f5es Qu\u00edmico-Farmac\u00eauticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itaja\u00ed (UNIVALI), Itaja\u00ed 88302-901, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.4111\/icu.2017.58.5.299","article-title":"Epidemiology and Economics of Nephrolithiasis","volume":"58","author":"Ziemba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Investig. 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