{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:52:39Z","timestamp":1787730759611,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42288201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42288201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enclosed ovules are a reproductive feature restricted to angiosperms. Although this feature can be used as a criterion for identifying fossil angiosperms, how ovules are enclosed and the nature of the placenta are still foci of debates. A reason underlying these controversies is the lack of reproductive organ fossils shedding light on these issues. These controversies hinder a clear understanding of angiosperm evolution and systematics. Here, we report a new fossil ovary, Xenofructus dabuensis gen. et sp. nov, from the Middle Jurassic of Liaoning, China. Our fossil clearly demonstrates the existence of ovules in Xenofructus that has a free central placentation. This new feature implies that a placenta in angiosperm gynoecia is homologous to an ovule\/seed-bearing axis, and free central placentation is one of the early developed placentations. This discovery is apparently at odds with the current understanding of placentation and its evolution. Apparently, the understanding of angiosperms and their gynoecia should be updated with newly available palaeobotanical data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13162239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T10:34:59Z","timestamp":1723458899000},"page":"2239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Unique Jurassic Ovaries Shed a New Light on the Nature of Carpels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Qiang","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Nanjing 211135, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaolin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Shenyang Center of Geological Survey and Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Ministry of National Land and Resources, Shenyang 110034, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4053-5515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Cronquist, A. 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