{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:31:54Z","timestamp":1789425114706,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002708","name":"Agence Universitaire de la francophonie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AUF ECO 2024 DRECO-8591"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AUF ECO 2024 DRECO-8591"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pelargonium graveolens L\u2019H\u00e8r. (Geraniaceae) is renowned for its traditional use as a flavor, ornamental and medicinal plant. This work aimed at an in-depth study of the phytochemical profiling and in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibition assessment of a methanol-aqueous extract from P. graveolens leaves. A UHPLC-HRMS analysis revealed more than 110 secondary metabolites, including 8 acyltartaric and 11 acylcitric\/acylisocitric acids; 8 gallotannins; 36 flavonols, flavanones and methoxylated flavonoids together with 17 phenolic and aliphatic acids; and 21 phenolic acid glycosides. For the first time, acylcitric acids along with feruloyl- and coumaroyltartaric acids are reported in the species. The leaf extract actively scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH (273.45 mg trolox equivalent (TE\/g)) and 2,2\u2032-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS\u2022+) radicals (531.97 mgTE\/g) and showed a high reducing power: 431.32 mg TE\/g Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and 292.21 mg TE\/g Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). It possessed a metal chelating capacity (13.44 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid equivalent (EDTAE)\/g) and contained 2.71 mmol TE\/g in the phosphomolybdenum assay. The rose geranium extract exhibited high inhibition towards acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase (2.80 and 2.20 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)\/g, respectively) and tyrosinase (75.49 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)\/g). It inhibited \u03b1-glucosidase and \u03b1-amylase (3.75 mmol and 0.79 acarbose equivalent (ACAE)\/g, respectively) and lipase (28.91 mg orlistat equivalent (OE)\/g). This study sheds light into the future potential application of the rose geranium in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13182612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T04:59:54Z","timestamp":1726721994000},"page":"2612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Pelargonium graveolens: Towards In-Depth Metabolite Profiling, Antioxidant and Enzyme-Inhibitory Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1254-2419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reneta","family":"Gevrenova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6548-7823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gokhan","family":"Zengin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9938-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vessela","family":"Balabanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6963-0666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Szakiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa Street, 02-096 11 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1952-9903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrina","family":"Zheleva-Dimitrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.26538\/tjnpr\/v6i10.2","article-title":"Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Pelargonium graveolens: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"6","author":"Amel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop. 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