{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T17:34:11Z","timestamp":1787592851156,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing incidence of heat stress due to global climate change poses a significant challenge to avocado (Persea americana) cultivation, particularly in regions with intense solar radiation. This review evaluates sun protection strategies, focusing on the efficacy of different sunscreen products such as kaolin, titanium dioxide, and calcium oxide in mitigating thermal stress in avocado trees. The application of these materials was shown to reduce leaf and fruit surface temperatures, improve photosynthetic efficiency, and enhance fruit quality by preventing sunburn and dehydration. Despite these benefits, challenges remain, including the optimal timing and dosage of application, and the potential residue impacts on fruit marketability. The review emphasizes the need for ongoing research to develop more effective formulations and to integrate these sun protection strategies with other agronomic practices. The role of extension services in educating producers about the proper use of these technologies is also highlighted as crucial for the successful adoption of sun protection measures in avocado farming.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13202854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T05:47:58Z","timestamp":1728884878000},"page":"2854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sun Protection as a Strategy for Managing Heat Stress in Avocado Trees"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Francisco Jos\u00e9","family":"Domingues Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18610-034, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora Cavalcante dos Santos","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18610-034, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2440-0282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo de Souza","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18610-034, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7868-2265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Antonio","family":"Tecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18610-034, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2258-1355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarita","family":"Leonel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18610-034, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adilson","family":"Pimentel Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18610-034, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth Orika","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18610-034, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4947-0997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Domingos","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18610-034, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"176","article-title":"Fertirriga\u00e7\u00e3o pot\u00e1ssica na cultura da figueira no semi\u00e1rido cearense","volume":"6","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. 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