{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:16:13Z","timestamp":1791648973176,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Agricultural Research System-Litchi and Longan","award":["CARS-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-32"]}]},{"name":"China Agricultural Research System-Litchi and Longan","award":["2023B01J2001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023B01J2001"]}]},{"name":"China Agricultural Research System-Litchi and Longan","award":["2019 KJ 123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019 KJ 123"]}]},{"name":"China Agricultural Research System-Litchi and Longan","award":["32302153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302153"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Projects of Guangzhou City","award":["CARS-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-32"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Projects of Guangzhou City","award":["2023B01J2001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023B01J2001"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Projects of Guangzhou City","award":["2019 KJ 123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019 KJ 123"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Projects of Guangzhou City","award":["32302153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302153"]}]},{"name":"Longan Innovation Team Construction Project of Guangdong Province Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System","award":["CARS-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-32"]}]},{"name":"Longan Innovation Team Construction Project of Guangdong Province Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System","award":["2023B01J2001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023B01J2001"]}]},{"name":"Longan Innovation Team Construction Project of Guangdong Province Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System","award":["2019 KJ 123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019 KJ 123"]}]},{"name":"Longan Innovation Team Construction Project of Guangdong Province Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System","award":["32302153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302153"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["CARS-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-32"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023B01J2001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023B01J2001"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019 KJ 123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019 KJ 123"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32302153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302153"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>SO2 fumigation treatment (commonly known as sulfur treatment, ST) is a key method in the postharvest preservation of imported and exported fresh longan fruits, effectively reducing pericarp browning and enhancing color. Nonetheless, distinctive aromas, often referred to as \u201csulfur flavor\u201d, may develop in the aril during the extended preservation period. This study employed \u201cCaopu\u201d longan as the test material and patented SO2-releasing paper (ZL201610227848.7) as a treatment to perform a 35-day low-temperature (5 \u00b0C) storage of the fruit. The changes in glucosinolates (GSLs) and associated metabolites in the aril of treated fruit (ST) were examined utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS\/MS) detection and widely targeted metabolomics technology. The findings indicated that following 35 days of storage, nearly all control (CK) fruit pericarp turned to brown, resulting in an edible fruit rate of 75.41% and a commercial fruit rate of 0%. In contrast, the treated (ST) fruit demonstrated an edible fruit rate and a commercial rate of 99.44%, while the pericarp color changed from dark yellow-brown to light earthy yellow. The sulfur-containing metabolites identified in longan fruit aril predominantly consist of amino acids and their derivatives (60.44%), followed by alkaloids (15.38%), nucleotides and their derivatives (1.10%), and other types (23.08%), which include GSLs. SO2 treatment significantly reduced the content of oxidized glutathione in fruit aril but increased the content of GSLs and related amino acids and their derivatives. Via screening, 19 differential sulfur-containing metabolites were obtained between ST and CK, including 11 GSLs. The identified differential metabolites of GSLs were all increased, primarily comprising aliphatic GSLs, such as 1-hydroxymethyl glucosinolate, 2-Propenyl glucosinolate (Sinigrin), and 4-Methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate (Glucoraphanin). Pathway analysis showed that these differential metabolites were mainly involved in coenzyme factor synthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and amino acid synthesis, among other pathways. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal the causes of the special flavor of longan aril after SO2 treatment, which is a great concern for longan consumers. Moreover, this study provides a scientific basis for exploring the reasons and mechanisms for the development of the sulfur flavor in the SO2-treated fruits during postharvest storage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13213061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T12:31:32Z","timestamp":1730377892000},"page":"3061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of Postharvest SO2 Treatment on Longan Aril Flavor and Glucosinolate Metabolites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0943-5540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rob Md","family":"Mahfuzur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Sciences of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fruit Science and Technology Research, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Sciences of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqiong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Sciences of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8871-4742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Sciences of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7838-1267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Sciences of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenxian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Sciences of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fruit Science and Technology Research, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinmin","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fruit Science and Technology Research, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junbin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fruit Science and Technology Research, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpj.2022.08.006","article-title":"Diversity of glucosinolates among common Brassicaceae vegetables in China","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hortic. 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