{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:50:27Z","timestamp":1777636227695,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SECyT-UNC","award":["Type FORMAR s\/Resol. 2020-233-E-UNC-SECYT#ACTIP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Type FORMAR s\/Resol. 2020-233-E-UNC-SECYT#ACTIP"]}]},{"name":"SECyT-UNC","award":["CONSOLIDAR N\u00b0 411\/18; 203\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CONSOLIDAR N\u00b0 411\/18; 203\/14"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Medicinal plants have been explored worldwide as potential alternatives for the prevention and treatment of different diseases, including viral infections. Baccharis crispa Spreng. (Asteraceae) is a native medicinal species widely used in South America. Given the influence of genetic and environmental factors on secondary metabolites biosynthesis and accumulation, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antiviral activity of four wild populations of B. crispa from C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina, and assess the variability in their bioactivity and chemical composition. The cytotoxicity of chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous extracts from aerial parts was evaluated by the neutral red uptake method. Antiviral and virucidal activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) were assessed via plaque-forming unit (PFU) reduction assay. Phytochemical analyses of the extracts were conducted using HPLC-ESI- MS\/MS. The Puesto Pedernera population showed the strongest antiviral activity, with inhibition rates of 82% for CHIKV and 79% against HSV-1, as well as potent virucidal effects, reducing PFU formation by up to 5 logarithms for both viruses. Remarkably, ethanol extract exhibited the least toxicity and strongest inhibitory activity. Villa del Parque population was inactive. We identified 38 secondary metabolites, predominantly phenolic acids (12) and flavonoids (18), in varying proportions. Delphinidin and delphinidin-3-glucoside are described for the first time in the species. Differences in phytochemical profiles were observed among extract types and populations. Key phenolic compounds showed moderate positive correlations with the evaluated bioactivities, emphasizing the complexity of phytochemical properties and interactions. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of B. crispa extracts against viral infections and underscore the importance of considering the geographical source of plant material in bioactivity evaluations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13213077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T04:59:54Z","timestamp":1730437194000},"page":"3077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antiviral Potential and Chemical Composition of Wild Baccharis crispa Spreng. Populations (Asteraceae) from C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina: Perspective on Population Variability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1859-5068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuliana","family":"Lingua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Virolog\u00eda \u201cDr. J. M. Vanella\u201d-Argentina, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, Enfermera Gordillo S\/N, Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Cuidad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Guadalupe","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00e1tedra de Gen\u00e9tica, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, Av. Valpara\u00edso S\/N Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Javier","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Virolog\u00eda \u201cDr. J. M. Vanella\u201d-Argentina, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, Enfermera Gordillo S\/N, Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florencia","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Virolog\u00eda \u201cDr. J. M. Vanella\u201d-Argentina, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, Enfermera Gordillo S\/N, Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Cuidad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6131-1879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1s Isaac","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dpto. de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, Edificio de Ciencias 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"},{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo en Tecnolog\u00eda Farmac\u00e9utica (UNITEFA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin Alen","family":"Rucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Virolog\u00eda \u201cDr. J. M. Vanella\u201d-Argentina, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, Enfermera Gordillo S\/N, Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Cuidad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3982-3667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena E.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00e1tedra de Gen\u00e9tica, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, Av. Valpara\u00edso S\/N Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Anc\u00edn-Azpilicueta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sciences, Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra, Campus Arrosad\u00eda s\/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials (INAMAT2), Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Esparza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sciences, Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra, Campus Arrosad\u00eda s\/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials (INAMAT2), Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8065-5220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nerea","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sciences, Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra, Campus Arrosad\u00eda s\/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials (INAMAT2), Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Contigiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Virolog\u00eda \u201cDr. J. M. Vanella\u201d-Argentina, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, Enfermera Gordillo S\/N, Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2030-0890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Nu\u00f1ez Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dpto. de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, Edificio de Ciencias 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"},{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo en Tecnolog\u00eda Farmac\u00e9utica (UNITEFA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1724-2156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenda S.","family":"Konigheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Virolog\u00eda \u201cDr. J. M. Vanella\u201d-Argentina, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, Enfermera Gordillo S\/N, Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Cuidad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/14786410701589790","article-title":"Antiviral activity of some Tunisian medicinal plants against Herpes simplex virus type 1","volume":"22","author":"Bourgougnon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. 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