{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T22:39:51Z","timestamp":1790289591237,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mutah University","award":["580\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["580\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Mutah University","award":["766\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["766\/2023"]}]},{"name":"Mutah University","award":["RSPD2024R628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSPD2024R628"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["580\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["580\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["766\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["766\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSPD2024R628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSPD2024R628"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An eco-friendly approach was used to fabricate zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using thyme, Thymus vulgaris L., leaf extract. The produced ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by XRD and SEM analysis. The ZnO NPs showed remarkable adsorption efficiency for tetracycline (TC) from water systems, with a maximum removal rate of 95% under optimal conditions (10 ppm, 0.10 g of ZnO NPs, pH 8.5, and 30 min at 25 \u00b0C). The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-2nd-order model, and the adsorption process fitted the Temkin isotherm model. The process was spontaneous, endothermic, and primarily chemisorptive. Quantum chemistry calculations, utilizing electrostatic potential maps and HOMO-LUMO gap analysis, have confirmed the stability of the TC clusters. This study suggests that green synthesis using plant extracts presents an opportunity to generate nanoparticles with properties suitable for real-world applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13233386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T13:34:04Z","timestamp":1733146444000},"page":"3386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Tetracycline Adsorption: Experimental Insights and DFT Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7228-7467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solhe F.","family":"Alshahateet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mutah, Karak 61710, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9240-455X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salah A.","family":"Al-Trawneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mutah, Karak 61710, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5460-684X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Er-rajy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIMAS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8219-8078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Zerrouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0202-0112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalil","family":"Azzaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7051-7718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waad M.","family":"Al-Tawarh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mutah, Karak 61710, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3673-7904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Belkheir","family":"Hammouti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euromed Research Center, Euromed Polytechnic School, Euromed University of Fes, UEMF, Fes 30030, Morocco"},{"name":"Laboratory of Industrial Engineering, Energy and the Environment (LI3E) SUPMTI, Rabat 10000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachid","family":"Salghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, ENSA, University Ibn Zohr, P.O. Box 1136, Agadir 80000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8745-8799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachid","family":"Sabbahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team in Science and Technology, Higher School of Technology of Laayoune, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune P.O. Box 3007, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0483-8113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed M.","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6489-3109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larbi","family":"Rhazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Artois, ULR 7519, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2017.02.020","article-title":"Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Brown Algae Cystoseira Baccata: Its Activity in Colon Cancer Cells","volume":"153","author":"Lastra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. 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