{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T07:41:49Z","timestamp":1789717309451,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR) of the University of Mississippi","award":["DE-SC0014664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0014664"]}]},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)","award":["DE-SC0014664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0014664"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Green propolis, particularly from the unique flora of the Brazilian Caatinga biome, has gained significant interest due to its diverse chemical composition and biological activities. This study focuses on the chemical characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of Caatinga green propolis. Twelve compounds were isolated through different chromatographic techniques, including flavanones (naringenin, 7-O-methyleriodictyol, sakuranetin), flavones (hispidulin, cirsimaritin), flavonols (quercetin, quercetin-3-methyl ether, kaempferol, 6-methoxykaempferol, viscosine, penduletin), and one chalcone (kukulkanin B). Using liquid chromatography\u2013quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS), a total of 55 compounds excluding reference standards were tentatively identified, which include flavonoids, phenolic acids derivatives, and alkaloids, with flavonols, flavanones, and flavones being predominant. Antimicrobial testing against pathogens revealed that the crude extract exhibited low inhibitory activity, against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) (IC50: 148.4 and 120.98 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively). Although the isolated compounds showed limited individual activity, a fraction containing sakuranetin and penduletin (Fraction 8) exhibited moderated activity against Cryptococcus neoformans (IC50: 47.86 \u00b5g\/mL), while a fraction containing quercetin and hispidulin showed moderated activity against VRE (IC50: 16.99 \u00b5g\/mL). These findings highlight the potential application of Caatinga green propolis as an antimicrobial agent, particularly against resistant bacterial strains, and underscore the importance of synergistic interactions between compounds in enhancing biological effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13243576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T08:16:07Z","timestamp":1734941767000},"page":"3576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Chemical Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Green Propolis from the Brazilian Caatinga Biome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0736-1899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennyfer A.","family":"Aldana-Mej\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5015-2446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor Pena","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8787-4602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kumar","family":"Katragunta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8656-9526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bharathi","family":"Avula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran Kumar","family":"Tatapudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8641-9686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jairo Kenupp","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. do Caf\u00e9, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-930, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5464-4643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ikhlas A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA"},{"name":"Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumudini","family":"Meepagala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3807-1299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samir A.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA"},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. do Caf\u00e9, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-930, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.018","article-title":"Brazilian Red Propolis Improves Cutaneous Wound Healing Suppressing Inflammation-Associated Transcription Factor NF\u03baB","volume":"86","author":"Schanuel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. 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