{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T19:19:18Z","timestamp":1789067958476,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and bioactivities of essential oils (EOs) from five Moroccan thyme species: Thymus broussonetii subsp. broussonetii,\u00a0T. maroccanus, T. willdenowii, T.\u00a0zygis subsp. gracilis, and T. satureioides, collected from various geographical regions. Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified thymol, p-cymene, borneol, \u03b3-terpinene, carvacrol, \u03b1-pinene, and camphene as major constituents, with variations across species. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) revealed important levels of calcium (450.6\u2013712.2 mg\/kg), potassium (255.4\u2013420.7 mg\/kg), magnesium (97.3\u2013150.7 mg\/kg), and iron (1.95\u201315.1 mg\/kg). The EOs demonstrated strong antioxidant activity in DPPH, FRAP, and \u03b2-carotene bleaching assays. Insecticidal activity against Aphis\u00a0gossypii revealed the highest efficacy with T. willdenowii EO (LC50 = 6.2 \u00b5L\/mL), followed by T. maroccanus and T. zygis subsp. gracilis. Additionally, the EOs exhibited potent enzyme inhibitory effects at 1 mg\/mL on acetylcholinesterase (83.1\u201396.4%), tyrosinase (77.5\u201389.6%), and \u03b1-glucosidase (79.4\u201389.5%). These findings suggest that thyme EOs, particularly from T. willdenowii, T. zygis, and T. maroccanus, are promising candidates for integrated pest management and natural enzyme inhibitors. Their potential applications in medicinal and pharmaceutical fields underscore the need for further research to optimize their use under specific conditions and dosages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14010116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T05:02:02Z","timestamp":1735880522000},"page":"116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Five Moroccan Thyme Species: Insights into Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, Anti-Enzymatic Properties, and Insecticidal Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5251-3033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ouknin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, BP415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4105-8327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Alahyane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8120-646X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naima","family":"Ait Aabd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, BP415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3868-0278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Elgadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Agrosciences and Environment, Team of Agrosciences, PhytoBiodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP. 2390. 40000, Marrakech, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6706-084X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youssef","family":"Lghazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Geosciences and Materials Engineering Laboratory, Higher Normal School, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20250, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6389-8351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lhou","family":"Majidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Materials and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Mohammed V, Rabat 10106, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karmaoui, A. 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