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in Shandong","award":["tstp20240825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tstp20240825"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Team of Higher Education Institutions in Shandong","award":["2023M742171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M742171"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Team of Higher Education Institutions in Shandong","award":["SDCX-ZG-202400074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDCX-ZG-202400074"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Team of Higher Education Institutions in Shandong","award":["2022KJ256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KJ256"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Valsa mali (V. mali) is a necrotrophic fungus responsible for apple Valsa canker, which significantly diminishes apple production yields and quality in China. Our serendipitous findings revealed that genistein significantly inhibits the mycelial growth of V. mali, with an inhibition rate reaching 42.36 \u00b1 3.22% at a concentration of 10 \u00b5g\/mL. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that genistein caused significant changes in the structure of V. mali, including mycelial contraction, distortion, deformity, collapse, and irregular protrusions. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed leakage of cellular contents, blurred cell walls, ruptured membranes, and organelle abnormalities. Genistein has been shown to increase reactive oxygen species levels in V. mali mycelia, as demonstrated by 2\u2032,7\u2032-dichlorofluorescin diacetate staining. This increase was associated with a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity alongside increases in catalase and peroxidase activities. These changes collectively disrupted the oxidative equilibrium, leading to the induction of oxidative stress. The transcriptomic analysis revealed 13 genes enriched in this process, linked to unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis (three downregulated DEGs), saturated fatty acid biosynthesis (three upregulated and six downregulated DEGs), and fatty acid metabolism (four upregulated and nine downregulated DEGs). Additionally, the downregulated DEGs VMIG_07417 and VMIG_08675, which are linked to ergosterol biosynthesis, indicate possible changes in membrane composition. In conjunction with the qRT-PCR results, it is hypothesized that genistein exerts an antifungal effect on V. mali through ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation. This finding has the potential to contribute to the development of novel biological control agents for industrial crops.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14010120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T07:10:17Z","timestamp":1735888217000},"page":"120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antifungal Activity of Genistein Against Phytopathogenic Fungi Valsa mali Through ROS-Mediated Lipid Peroxidation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Fangjie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences), The SATCM\u2019s Key Unit of Discovering and Developing New Marine TCM Drugs, Key Laboratory of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shandong Universities, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China"},{"name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Research in Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Key Technology Innovation Center of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine\u2019s Deep Development and Industrialization, Qingdao 266114, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maoye","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5377-6369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0566-9884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences), The SATCM\u2019s Key Unit of Discovering and Developing New Marine TCM Drugs, Key Laboratory of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shandong Universities, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China"},{"name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Research in Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Key Technology Innovation Center of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine\u2019s Deep Development and Industrialization, Qingdao 266114, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9399-4635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianjun","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences), The SATCM\u2019s Key Unit of Discovering and Developing New Marine TCM Drugs, Key Laboratory of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shandong Universities, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China"},{"name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Research in Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Key Technology Innovation Center of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine\u2019s Deep Development and Industrialization, Qingdao 266114, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6482","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42142-4","article-title":"Global diversity and biogeography of potential phytopathogenic fungi in a changing world","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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