{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T00:37:51Z","timestamp":1770424671074,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Research Council (ERC)","award":["714874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["714874"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Finnish North Karelia is a region with a rich cultural history of ethnomedicinal plant use, shaped by centuries of interactions among various ethnic groups. This study identified both similarities and divergences between local Finns, Karelians war refugees, and individuals of mixed origin compared to historical records. Based on 67 semi-structured interviews, we documented the use of 43 medicinal plant taxa from 25 families, of which 31 remain in use. Notably, the number of medicinal plants continuously used in North Karelia is considerably lower than in other parts of Europe, with less than 25% of historically utilised species still in practice, which reflects the fragile state of this knowledge. Factors such as forced relocation, the loss of traditional lands, and the need to adapt to new environments might have contributed to this decline. Another influencing factor is official healthcare attitudes, which have prompted Finnish residents to shift from traditional herbal remedies to modern medical practices. Understanding the circulation of ethnomedicinal knowledge and its transformation over time is essential for identifying pathways to revitalise these practices within the framework of modern healthcare systems and cultural revitalisation efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14020226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T05:59:42Z","timestamp":1736920782000},"page":"226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Medicinal Plant Use in North Karelia, Finland, in the 2010s"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0413-8723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"S\u00f5ukand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics & Statistics, Ca\u2019 Foscari University of Venice, 30173 Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3679-4717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Kuznetsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics & Statistics, Ca\u2019 Foscari University of Venice, 30173 Venice, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Linguistic Sciences and Foreign Literatures, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3217-1704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Prakofjewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics & Statistics, Ca\u2019 Foscari University of Venice, 30173 Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabira","family":"St\u00e5hlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Russian and Eurasian Studies, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8378-7923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingvar","family":"Svanberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Russian and Eurasian Studies, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3279-3458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baiba","family":"Pr\u016bse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MaREI, The Research Ireland Centre for Energy, Climate, and Marine, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, P43 C573 Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1947-7007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Mattalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (ICTA-UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2175-8617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raivo","family":"Kalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estonian Literary Museum, 51003 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattalia, G., Svanberg, I., St\u00e5hlberg, S., Kuznetsova, N., Pr\u016bse, B., Kolosova, V., Aziz, M.A., Kalle, R., and S\u00f5ukand, R. (2023). Outdoor activities foster local plant knowledge in Karelia, NE Europe. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35918-7"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Medicinal plant use at the beginning of the 21st century among the religious minority in Latgale Region, Latvia","volume":"20","author":"Simanova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ethnobot. Res. Appl."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.09.004","article-title":"Cross-cultural adaptation in urban ethnobotany: The Colombian folk pharmacopoeia in London","volume":"120","author":"Ceuterick","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10745-011-9401-3","article-title":"Cross-cultural ethnobiology in the Western Balkans: Medical ethnobotany and ethnozoology among Albanians and Serbs in the Pe\u0161ter Plateau, Sand\u017eak, South-Western Serbia","volume":"39","author":"Pieroni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haq, S.M., Hassan, M., Bussmann, R.W., Calixto, E.S., Rahman, I.U., Sakhi, S., Ijaz, F., Hashem, A., Al-Arjani, A.B.F., and Almutairi, K.F. (2022). A cross-cultural analysis of plant resources among five ethnic groups in the Western Himalayan region of Jammu and Kashmir. Biology, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11040491"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dal Cero, M., Saller, R., Leonti, M., and Weckerle, C.S. (2023). Trends of Medicinal Plant Use over the Last 2000 Years in Central Europe. Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12010135"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prakofjewa, J., Anegg, M., Kalle, R., Simanova, A., Pr\u016bse, B., Pieroni, A., and S\u00f5ukand, R. (2022). Diverse in Local, Overlapping in Official Medical Botany: Critical Analysis of Medicinal Plant Records from the Historic Regions of Livonia and Courland in Northeast Europe, 1829\u20131895. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11081065"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00f5ukand, R., Kalle, R., and Pieroni, A. (2022). Homogenisation of Biocultural Diversity: Plant Ethnomedicine and Its Diachronic Change in Setomaa and V\u00f5romaa, Estonia, in the Last Century. Biology, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11020192"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1002\/ppp3.10423","article-title":"The importance of the continuity of practice: Ethnobotany of Kihnu island (Estonia) from 1937 to 2021","volume":"6","author":"Kalle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plants People Planet"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattalia, G., Stryamets, N., Pieroni, A., and S\u00f5ukand, R. (2020). Knowledge transmission patterns at the border: Ethnobotany of Hutsuls living in the Carpathian Mountains of Bukovina (SW Ukraine and NE Romania). J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-020-00391-3"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8032","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1117511109","article-title":"Co-occurrence of linguistic and biological diversity in biodiversity hotspots and high biodiversity wilderness areas","volume":"109","author":"Gorenflo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Vanhanen, S. (2019). Prehistoric Cultivation and Plant Gathering in Finland: An Archaeobotanical Study. [Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Cultures University of Helsinki]."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"31","article-title":"Gardening and consumption of plants in Naantali cloister (SW Finland) before and after the Reformation","volume":"19","author":"Alanko","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nord. Archaeol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Sirelius, U.T. (1919). Suomen Kansanomaista Kulttuuria: Esineellisen Kansatieteen Tuloksia, Otava."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Vuorela, T. (1975). Suomalainen Kansankulttuuri, Werner S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m Osakeyhti\u00f6."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Majamaa, R. (1992). Suomen Kasvisto. Flora Fennica. Helsinki. Elias L\u00f6nnrot. Valitut Teokset 4\u2014Ohjeita ja Runoelmia, SKS Kirjat."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Manninen, I. (1932). Karjalaisten ruokatalous. Karjalan Kirja, Werner S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m Osakeyhti\u00f6."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Itkonen, T.I. (1921). Lappalaisten Ruokatalous, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Finno-Ougrienne.","DOI":"10.33341\/sus.826"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1017\/S0032247419000834","article-title":"Changes in mountain birch forests and reindeer management: Comparing different knowledge systems in S\u00e1pmi, northern Fennoscandia","volume":"55","author":"Forbes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polar Rec."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-018-0211-2","article-title":"The holistic effects of climate change on the culture, well-being, and health of the Saami, the only indigenous people in the European Union","volume":"5","author":"Jaakkola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cur. Environ. Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1017\/S0032247410000434","article-title":"S\u00e1mi traditional ecological knowledge as a guide to science: Snow, ice and reindeer pasture facing climate change","volume":"47","author":"Riseth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Polar Rec."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114565","article-title":"Historical Review of Ethnopharmacology in Karelia (1850s\u20132020s): Herbs and healers","volume":"282","author":"Kolosova","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1080\/03071022.2021.1850053","article-title":"Literacy and healers\u2019 tactics in Finnish folk medicine, 1850\u20131950","volume":"46","author":"Kananoja","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc. Hist."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kylli, R. (2019). Traditional arctic healing and medicines of modernisation in Finnish and Swedish Lapland. Healers and Empires in Global History: Healing as Hybrid and Contested Knowledge, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-15491-2_2"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Kohonen, S. (2022). Healing, Magic, and Mind: The Early Modern Finnish-Karelian Healing Tradition in Light of the Cognitive Science of Religion and Ritual Studies. [Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Helsinki]."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belichenko, O., Kolosova, V., Kalle, R., and S\u00f5ukand, R. (2022). Green pharmacy at the tips of your toes: Medicinal plants used by Setos and Russians of Pechorsky District, Pskov Oblast (NW Russia). J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-022-00540-w"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/amet.12483","article-title":"Plant matters: Buddhist medicine and economies of attention in postsocialist Siberia","volume":"44","author":"Chudakova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. Ethnol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chudakova, T. (2021). Mixing Medicines: Ecologies of Care in Buddhist Siberia, Fordham University Press.","DOI":"10.5422\/fordham\/9780823294312.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3399","DOI":"10.1007\/s10722-021-01200-w","article-title":"The trauma of no-choice: Wild food ethnobotany in Yaghnobi and Tajik villages, Varzob Valley, Tajikistan","volume":"68","author":"Prakofjewa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genet. Resour. Crop Evol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/08003831.2015.1089673","article-title":"Second world war as a trigger for transcultural changes among S\u00e1mi people in Finland","volume":"32","author":"Lehtola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Boreal."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Afanasyeva, A. (2013). Forced Relocations of the Kola S\u00e1mi People: Background and Consequences. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Universitetet i Troms\u00f8]."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venhof, V.S.M., Stephens, C., and Martens, P. (2024). Voices from the North: Exploring S\u00e1mi People\u2019s Perspectives on Environmental Change and Mental Well-Being: A Systematic Literature Review. Challenges, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/challe15020030"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"83","article-title":"Kansanparantaja Anni P\u00f6l\u00f6nen","volume":"14","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pohj.-Karjal. Hist. Yhd. Vuosik."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"P\u00f6l\u00f6nen, S. (2010). \u201cTulevaisuus Tuntuu Synk\u00e4lle Perheenhuoltajan Sairasteessa\u201d: Perheeseen Liittyv\u00e4t Kuvaukset Kansanparantajalle Vuosina 1938\u20131960 Kirjoitetuissa Kirjeiss\u00e4. [Master\u2019s Thesis, University of Eastern Finland]."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"(2024). Questions and Answers on Quality of Herbal Medicinal Products\/Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products: Scientific Guideline\u2014Revision 7, European Medicinal Agency, Science Medicines Health. Available online: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/questions-answers-quality-herbal-medicinal-products-traditional-herbal-medicinal-products-scientific-guideline."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055728","DOI":"10.1080\/22423982.2022.2055728","article-title":"Cultural competence and safety in Circumpolar countries: An analysis of discourses in healthcare","volume":"81","author":"Lavoie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Circumpolar Health"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924993","DOI":"10.1080\/22423982.2021.1924993","article-title":"S\u00e1mi traditional medicine: Practices, usage, benefit, accessibility and relation to conventional medicine, a scoping review study","volume":"80","author":"Ouma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Circumpolar Health"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DuBois, T.A., and Lang, J.F. (2013). Johan Turi\u2019s animal, mineral, vegetable cures and healing practices: An in-depth analysis of Sami (Saami) folk healing one hundred years ago. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4269-9-57"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2993\/0278-0771-36.1.85","article-title":"Reconstructing Food Ways: Role of Skolt Sami Cultural Revitalization Programs in Local Plant Use","volume":"36","author":"Magnani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.23986\/afsci.72209","article-title":"Consumption and production of herbs in Finland","volume":"57","year":"1985","journal-title":"Agric. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Rautavara, T. (1942). Mihin Kasvimme Kelpaavat: Ruokaa, Ryyti\u00e4 ja Rohtoa Luonnosta, WSOY."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.07.272","article-title":"A review of climate change impacts on the ecosystem services in the Saami Homeland in Finland","volume":"692","author":"Markkula","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"44","article-title":"T\u00e4ydent\u00e4vien ja vaihtoehtoisten (CAM) hoitojen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 Suomessa","volume":"57","author":"Vuolanto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sos. Aikakauslehti"},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (2024, January 01). Available online: https:\/\/thl.fi\/en\/main-page."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"(2024, December 01). Suositus L\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rin Suhtautumisesta Uskomushoitoihin. Available online: https:\/\/www.laakariliitto.fi\/laakarin-tietopankki\/kuinka-toimin-laakarina\/suositus-laakarin-suhtautumisesta-uskomushoitoihin\/."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00f5ukand, R. (2024). Dark local knowledge: The yet-to-be scientifically discovered and locally acknowledged aspects of local knowledge systems. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-024-00692-x"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Klement\u2019yev, Y.I., and Shlygina, N.V. (2003). Karel\u2019skiye zemli v XII-XV vv. Pribaltiysko-Finskiye Narody Rossii, Nauka."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.7592\/FEJF2000.14.karelia","article-title":"Popular Orthodoxy, Official Church and State in Finnish Border Karelia before World War II","volume":"14","author":"Laitila","year":"2000","journal-title":"Folk. Electron. J. Folk."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Bae, C. (2009). Multiple meanings of Karelia: Borderland between nations. Territorial Issues in Europe and East Asia: Colonialism, War Occupation and Conflict Resolution, Northeast Asian History Foundation."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhg.2006.10.021","article-title":"Nature, nationalism and revolutionary regionalism: Constructing Soviet Karelia, 1920\u20131923","volume":"33","author":"Baron","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hist. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.5406\/28315081.15.1.2.07","article-title":"The economic modernization of Soviet Karelia during the process of Soviet industrialization","volume":"15","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Finn. Stud."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Browning, C.S., and Joenniemi, P. (2014). Karelia as a Finnish-Russian Issue: Re-Negotiating the Relationship Between National Identity, Territory and Sovereignty, CEURUS EU-Russian Paper no 18, University of Tartu Press."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Kaplan, D.H., and H\u00e4kli, J. (2002). Place, boundaries, and the construction of Finnish territory. Place, Boundaries, and the Construction of Finnish Territory Boundaries and Place: European Borderlands in Geographical Context, Rowman & Littlefield."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jalagin, S. (2021). Nimble nationalism: Transgenerational experiences of east Karelian refugees in Finland and Sweden. Lived Nation as the History of Experiences and Emotions in Finland, 1800\u20132000, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-69882-9_11"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.2233","article-title":"Evolution of European Union legislation of herbal medicinal products and its transposition to national legislation in 1965\u20132007: Case Finland","volume":"30","author":"Koski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Plan. Manag."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"56","article-title":"Border Karelian Dialects\u2014A Diffuse Variety of Karelian","volume":"21","author":"Koivisto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stud. Finn. Linguist."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1515\/ijsl-2021-0019","article-title":"Translating into an endangered language: Filling in lexical gaps as Language Making","volume":"274","author":"Kuusi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Sociol. Lang"},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"(2024, December 01). Aimar Ventsel: Rahvaste S\u00f5prusest Venemaal. Available online: https:\/\/www.err.ee\/1609522504\/aimar-ventsel-rahvaste-soprusest-venemaal."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Statistics Finland (2024, January 13). Population and Society. Available online: https:\/\/stat.fi\/tup\/suoluk\/suoluk_vaesto_en.html."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huber, P., Kurttila, M., Hujala, T., Wolfslehner, B., Sanchez-Gonzalez, M., Pasalodos-Tato, M., de-Miguel, S., Bonet, J.A., Marques, M., and Borges, J.G. (2023). Expert-based assessment of the potential of non-wood forest products to diversify forest bioeconomy in six European regions. Forests, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/f14020420"},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"(2018, March 01). International Society of Ethnobiology Code of Ethics (with 2008 Additions). Available online: https:\/\/www.ethnobiology.net\/code-of-ethics\/."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710019","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.710019","article-title":"Multifarious Trajectories in Plant-Based Ethnoveterinary Knowledge in Northern and Southern Eastern Europe","volume":"8","author":"Mattalia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s43008-024-00156-7","article-title":"\u201cBut how true that is, I do not know\u201d: The influence of written sources on the medicinal use of fungi across the western borderlands of the former Soviet Union","volume":"15","author":"Prakofjewa","year":"2024","journal-title":"IMA Fungus"},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"(2023, January 01). Plants of the World Online. Available online: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"9","article-title":"PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis","volume":"4","author":"Hammer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Palaeontol. Electron."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Venn Diagram Tool (2023, December 12). Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Genomics Laboratory at the University of Ghent. Available online: http:\/\/bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be\/webtools\/Venn\/."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"(2023, December 12). Multiple List Comparator. Available online: https:\/\/molbiotools.com\/listcompare.php."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"(2023, December 16). PAST Toolkit Venn Diagram Plotter Software Program, Available online: https:\/\/omics.pnl.gov\/software\/venn-diagram-plotter."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mauri, M., Elli, T., Caviglia, G., Uboldi, G., and Azzi, M. (2017, January 18\u201320). RAWGraphs: A Visualisation Platform to Create Open Outputs. Proceedings of the 12th Biannual Conference of the Italian SIGCHI Chapter; CHItaly \u201917, Cagliari, Italy.","DOI":"10.1145\/3125571.3125585"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.11.045","article-title":"Medicinal plants in the Mediterranean area: Synthesis of the results of the project Rubia","volume":"116","author":"Pieroni","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Etkin, N.L. (1986). Informant consensus: A new approach for identifying potentially effective medicinal plants. Plants and Indigenous Medicine and Diet, Redgrave Publishing Company."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prakofjewa, J., Sartori, M., \u0160arka, P., Kalle, R., Pieroni, A., and S\u00f5ukand, R. (2024). Knowledge in motion: Temporal dynamics of wild food plant use in the Polish-Lithuanian-Belarusian border region. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-024-00706-8"},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"ICPC-2 (2023, January 01). International Classification of Primary Care, 2nd ed. (ICPC-2, Updated March 2003). Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/standards\/classifications\/other-classifications\/international-classification-of-primary-care."}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/14\/2\/226\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:29:05Z","timestamp":1759919345000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/14\/2\/226"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["plants14020226"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants14020226","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2223-7747","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]}}}