{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:21:06Z","timestamp":1789705266063,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scholarship Program for Doctoral Formation of the Government of the Department of Sucre, Colombia","award":["678-2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["678-2015"]}]},{"name":"The Administrative National Department of Science, Technology and Innovation of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia","award":["678-2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["678-2015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plant-derived biopesticides have gained attention in agriculture as a pest control method that minimizes the negative effects caused by conventional synthetic insecticides to natural enemies. Azamax\u2122 is one of the most commercialized biopesticides in Brazil, but little is known about its effects on non-target insects such as Ceraeochrysa claveri, a non-target insect that is economically important as a pest predator, used in this study. To evaluate the toxic effects of azadirachtin on fitness and ovarian development, a total of 450 C. claveri larvae were exposed by ingestion to subdoses (36 mg\/L (0.3%) and 60 mg\/L (0.5%) of azadirachtin for 15 days and after that, biological parameters and ovarian development were analyzed. The doses tested corresponded to the minimum and maximum concentrations used in the field. The results demonstrated that both tested doses of the biopesticide significantly reduced survival rates, delayed and extended larval and pupal development times, caused malformations in the body, altered the ultrastructure of adult ovaries, and induced cell death in ovarian follicles. Azamax\u2122, a biopesticide marketed as a reduced-risk insecticide, was shown to have detrimental effects on the lifespan and ovarian development of C. claveri.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14030416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T06:42:36Z","timestamp":1738305756000},"page":"416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Azadirachtin-Based Biopesticide Affects Fitness and Ovarian Development of the Natural Enemy Ceraeochrysa claveri (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Bertha","family":"Gastelbondo-Pastrana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Insects, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 05508-070, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Group, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre 700003, Colombia"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiol\u00f3gicas y Biom\u00e9dicas de C\u00f3rdoba\u2014GIMBIC, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, Monteria 230001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilucia","family":"Santorum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Insects, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 05508-070, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6005-1139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elton Luiz","family":"Scudeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Insects, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 05508-070, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8047-0683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio Henrique","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicogenomic and Nutrigenomic, Department of Pathology, Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 05508-070, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4918-5774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erasmo Manuel","family":"Alvis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiol\u00f3gicas y Biom\u00e9dicas de C\u00f3rdoba\u2014GIMBIC, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, Monteria 230001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Chams-Chams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiol\u00f3gicas y Biom\u00e9dicas de C\u00f3rdoba\u2014GIMBIC, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, Monteria 230001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8062-104X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Carvalho","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Insects, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 05508-070, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Electron Microscopy Center, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 05508-070, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3923\/je.2011.301.326","article-title":"Chrysopid Predators and their Role in Biological Control","volume":"8","author":"Pappas","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. \u00c8ntomol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511666117.025","article-title":"Chrysoperla externa and Ceraeochrysa spp.: Potential for biological control in the New World tropics and subtropics","volume":"7","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lacewings Crop Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"245","article-title":"The green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) of Brazilian agro-ecosystems","volume":"52","author":"Freitas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. 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