{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T22:40:05Z","timestamp":1783464005198,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the combined effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (Nano-Zn) and moringa leaf extract (MLE) on squash plants grown under water stress conditions in saline soil during 2021\u20132022. The research compared full irrigation (100% ETc) with water deficit conditions (60% ETc). While water deficit negatively impacted plant growth, yield, and various physiological parameters, the sequential application of Nano-Zn (at 50 or 100 mg L\u22121) with MLE (3%) significantly mitigated these adverse effects. The combined treatment proved more effective than individual applications, enhancing growth parameters, photosynthetic efficiency, and antioxidant systems. The treatment particularly improved stress tolerance by increasing protective compounds like soluble sugars and amino acids while reducing harmful H2O2 levels. The study concluded that sequential application of 100 mg L\u22121 Nano-Zn with MLE was optimal for enhancing squash performance under drought stress, with 50 mg L\u22121 Nano-Zn plus MLE as the second-best option.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14040544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T03:41:57Z","timestamp":1739331717000},"page":"544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Synergistic Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Moringa Leaf Extracts on Drought Tolerance and Productivity of Cucurbita pepo L. Under Saline Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9634-6679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelsattar","family":"Abdelkhalik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A. H.","family":"Gyushi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad M.","family":"Howladar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer M.","family":"Kutby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nouf A.","family":"Asiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Areej A.","family":"Baeshen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aziza M.","family":"Nahari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8747-3630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hameed","family":"Alsamadany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8073-9232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael M.","family":"Semida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2017.08.004","article-title":"Moringa leaf extract as biostimulant improves water use efficiency, physio-biochemical attributes of squash plants under deficit irrigation","volume":"193","author":"Semida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Agric. 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