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In this study, we induced the development of male plant ovary by externally applying plant growth regulators (PGRs) and performed histological observation, phytohormone content determination and transcriptome analysis on the abortive ovary of the male kiwifruit (Con), the ovary of the female kiwifruit (Fem) and the PGR-induced developing ovary of the male kiwifruit (PT). Histological analysis showed that the Con ovary was devoid of ovules and the carpels were atrophied, the Fem ovary had ovules and the PT ovary was devoid of ovules, but the carpels developed normally and were not atrophied. Endogenous phytohormone content measurements displayed higher levels of trans-zeatin (tZT) in PT and Fem than Con, and lower levels of gibberellin (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) than Con. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant differences in many key genes in the cytokinin and auxin pathways, which were consistent with the results of phytohormone content measurements. Meanwhile, the genes related to carpel development, SPT (DTZ79_04g03580) and SK41 (DTZ79_19g04340), were highly expressed in PT, suggesting that they may play a key role in PGR-induced development of the ovary in male kiwifruit. These results provide information for elucidating the potential regulatory network of PGR-induced ovary development in male flowers and contribute to further identification of valuable target genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14050703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T07:45:08Z","timestamp":1740469508000},"page":"703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Potential Genes Involved in Plant Growth Regulator-Induced Ovary Development in Male Kiwifruit (Actinidia eriantha)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Rong","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2023-7657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miaomiao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinbao","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2358-0322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ran","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukuo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China"},{"name":"Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leiming","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China"},{"name":"Chuxiong Yunguo Agriculture Technology Research Institute, Chuxiong 675000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiujuan","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China"},{"name":"Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.128469","article-title":"Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.): A review of chemical diversity and biological 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