{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T23:13:40Z","timestamp":1772234020618,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Geranium diffusum Kunth is a medicinal plant native to Ecuadorian highlands with limited scientific study despite its ethnopharmacological relevance. The present study investigates the phytochemical properties and cytotoxic effects of the methanolic extract of G. diffusum. Comprehensive analyses revealed a rich composition of bioactive compounds, predominantly flavonoids and rutin, isoquercetin, and isorhamnetin-3-glucoside, known for their therapeutic potential, were isolated. The extract and its solvent fractions were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against three cell lines: RKO, SW613-B3, and HCT-116. Notably, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 44.47 \u00b1 1.02 \u03bcg\/mL against the SW613-B3 cell line, indicating its significant anticancer activity. The dichloromethane fraction also demonstrated noteworthy effects on the RKO and HCT-116 lines, while the methanolic fraction exhibited higher viability in HCT-116 cells. No genotoxicity was found in CHO-K1 cells. These findings underscore the potential of Geranium diffusum as a valuable source of bioactive compounds for developing therapeutic agents against cancer and highlight the need for further research into its pharmacokinetics, in vivo efficacy, and the synergistic effects of its flavonoid constituents. This study contributes to enhancing our understanding of underexplored medicinal plants and supports conservation efforts for Ecuadorian biodiversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14050777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T10:15:03Z","timestamp":1740996903000},"page":"777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Phytochemical Study, Cytotoxicity, and Genotoxicity of the Methanolic Extract of Geranium diffusum Kunth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1660-1217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Romero-Benavides","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110108, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"A\u00f1azco-Loayza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110108, Ecuador"},{"name":"Carrera de Bioqu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110108, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anabel","family":"Correa-Sinche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Bioqu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110108, Ecuador"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110108, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Alvarez-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Bioqu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110108, Ecuador"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110108, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2919-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Miguel","family":"Guam\u00e1n-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110108, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0884-6911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Duarte-Casar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnolog\u00eda Superior en Gesti\u00f3n Culinaria, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador\u2014Sede Manab\u00ed, Portoviejo 130103, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2754-1328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Bailon-Moscoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110108, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mandal, S.C., Chakraborty, R., and Sen, S. 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