{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:41:52Z","timestamp":1760031712982,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007847","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20210101242JC","JJKH20240706KJ","82360683","2022R1A2C2005785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210101242JC","JJKH20240706KJ","82360683","2022R1A2C2005785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Department of Education Science and Technology Research Project","award":["20210101242JC","JJKH20240706KJ","82360683","2022R1A2C2005785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210101242JC","JJKH20240706KJ","82360683","2022R1A2C2005785"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20210101242JC","JJKH20240706KJ","82360683","2022R1A2C2005785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210101242JC","JJKH20240706KJ","82360683","2022R1A2C2005785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20210101242JC","JJKH20240706KJ","82360683","2022R1A2C2005785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210101242JC","JJKH20240706KJ","82360683","2022R1A2C2005785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The dried root of Sanguisorba officinalis L. (commonly known as Diyu) has been studied for its various pharmacological effects, including its antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, primary cultured vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and isolated phenylephrine-precontracted rat thoracic aortic rings were examined to investigate the possible mechanism of a butanol extract of Diyu (BSO) in its vascular relaxant effect. HUVECs treated with BSO produced a significantly higher amount of nitric oxide (NO) compared to the control. However, its production was inhibited by pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) or wortmannin. BSO also increased the phosphorylation levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and Akt. In the aortic ring, BSO relaxed PE-precontracted rat thoracic aortic rings in a concentration-dependent manner. The absence of the vascular endothelium significantly attenuated BSO-induced vasorelaxation. The non-selective NOS inhibitor, L-NAME, and the selective inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo-[4,3-\u03b1]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), dramatically inhibited the BSO-induced relaxation effect of the endothelium-intact aortic ring. Ca2+-free buffer and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis regulators (TG, Gd3+, and 2\u2013APB) inhibited BSO-induced vasorelaxation. In Ca2+-free Krebs solution, BSO markedly reduced PE-induced contraction. Vasodilation induced by BSO was significantly inhibited by wortmannin, an inhibitor of Akt. Pretreatment with the non-selective inhibitor of Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCa), tetraethylammonium (TEA), significantly attenuated the BSO-induced vasorelaxant effect. Furthermore, BSO decreased the systolic blood pressure and heart rate in a concentration-dependent manner in rats. In conclusion, BSO induces vasorelaxation via endothelium-dependent signaling, primarily through the activation of the PI3K-Akt-eNOS-NO signaling pathway in endothelial cells, and the activation of the NO-sGC-cGMP-K\u207a channels pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Additionally, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE)-eNOS pathways and the inhibition of Ca2\u207a mobilization from intracellular stores contribute to BSO-induced vasorelaxation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14071095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T04:06:05Z","timestamp":1743566765000},"page":"1095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vasodilatory Effect of n-Butanol Extract from Sanguisorba officinalis L. and Its Mechanism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hangyu","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaze","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Medical Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Morphological Experiment, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enyi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Medical Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9581-2022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun Zhe","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Medical Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1722-8859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Medical Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9347-8606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Medical Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bkaily, G., and Jacques, D. 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